ORTYX VIRGl?vIANA, VIRGINIA PARTRIDGE. 431 



OETYX VIRGINIANUS, (Linn.) Bp. 



Virginia Partridge, or Quail; Bob Wliite. 



a. virginiamis. 



Tetrao virgin'ianns, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 277 (based, ou Perdix virf/iniana, Gates., Car. 



i, 12, pi. 12 ; Bkiss., Orn. i, 230).— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 761. 

 Perdix virqiniana, Lath., Iiul. Oru. ii, 1790, 650. — WiLS., Am. Orn. vi, 1812, 21, pi. 47.— 



Bp., Syii. 1828, 124 (snbg. OrUjx).—T)oVGU., Cab. Nat. Hist, i, 1830, 37, pi. 4.— 



Bp., Jouin. Phila. Acad, iv, 1825, 268, No. 203.— Aud., Oiu. Biog. i, 1831, 388; 



V, 1839, 564 ; pi. 76.— Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 646. 

 Ortyx virginiamis, Jakd., Nat. Lib. Birds, iv, 101, j)l. 10. — Bp., List, 1838, 43. — Aud., 



Syu. 1839, 199 ; B. Am. v, 1842, 59, pi. 289.— Gould, Mou'^g. Odontopliorina', pi. 



1.— WoODH., Sitgr. Rep. 1853, 94 (Indian Territory and Texas).— Bd., B. N. A. 



1858, 640.— Hayd., Rep. 1862, 173 (Missouri River to White River).— Allen, 



Bull. M. C. Z. ii, 1871, 352 (critical) ; iii, 1872, 181 (Kansas).— Tkippe, Pr. Ess. 



Inst, vi, 1871, 118 (Minnesota) ; Pr. Best. Soc. xv, 1872, 240 (Iowa).— Snow, B. 



Kaus. 1873, 9, No. 197 (Eastern and Middle Kansas).— Coues, Key, 1872, 236.— 



B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 468, pi. 63, f. 1, 2 ; aud of authors generally. 

 Tetrao mnrilatidicus, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 277 (based ou Ptrdix novw angliw, Briss., 



1, 229).— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 761. 

 Perdix marihuidica, Latii., lud. Orn. ii, 1790, 650. 

 Tetrao minor, Barth., Trav. in Fla. 1791, 290bis. 



Perdix borcalis, Vieill., Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. ; Gal. ii, 44, pi. 214. 

 Ortyx horealis, Steph., Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi, 1819, 377. — Jard. & Selby. 111. 

 Perdrix (Ortyx) mexieanus, Less., Tr. 507 (quotes Gm., aud P. E. 149). 

 (?) Ortyx castaneus, Gould, P. Z. S. x, 182 ; Mouog. Odont. pi. 3 {melanotic f). 



b. texanus. 



Ortyx texanus, Lawk., Ann. Lye. N. Y. vi, 1853, 1. — Bd., B. N. A. 1858, 641 ; Mex. Bound. 



Snrv. ii, 1859, pt. ii, p. 22, pi. 24. 

 Ortyx virginiamis var. texantis, Coues, Key, 1872, 237.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 474, 



pi. 63, f. 3, 4. 



c. floridanus. 



Ortyx virginiamis var. floridanus, Coues, Key, 1872, 237.— B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 522. 



d. ciibanensis. 



Ortyx cuhancnsis, Gould, Mouog. Odont. \)\. 2. — Gray, Gen. of B. iii, 514. 

 Ortyx virgiuianm var. cnbanensis, B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 468. 



Hab. —EaHtem United States. North to Massachusetts aud slightly beyond ; Canada 

 West ; Minnesota. West to high central plains. Up the Missouri to White River 

 (Hayden). Salt Lake Valley, introduced (Allen). Var. texanus in Texas. Var. Jlori- 

 danus in Florida, and very similar specimens up the Mississippi A'alley to Southern 

 lUiqois (liidgway). Introduced in Bahauuis (Bryant) aud Sauta Cruz (Xeivton). 



Lientcnant TFarren's Expedition. — 4859, Iowa Point. 

 « Not obtained by Captain Raynolds' Expedition. 



I find no record of the Quails in New England beyond Massachusetts, 

 and it does not go much further north. In JMinnesota it is abundant 

 in sout[jern portions of the State, and appears to be si)readiug with 

 the advance of the settlements, like the Pinnated Grouse. I found no 

 indication oi' its presence along the Red liiver, or anywhere in Northern 

 Dakota. Along the Missouri Uiver it is abnndant up to Fort liandall, 

 where I have enjoyed as fine (^>uail shooting as 1 have found anywhere ; 

 and, according to Dr. Hayden, it has followed up the course of the river 

 to the Wliite River. In this region, according to my observation, they 

 are .strictly confined to the wooded and brushy portions of the river- 

 bottoms, which form an interrupted series of natural '' preserves." in 

 every way adai)ted to the shelter of the bird, and the alfording of a su|)ply 

 of food. Even in this rigorous climate, where the thermometer tails 

 every winter to LHP or ,'i(P below zero, the birds show no «lisposition to 

 migrate, nud generally succeed in Itraving such severe eohl, although I 

 have authentic information of instances iu which a whole covey has 



