• LARUS PHILADELPHIA, BONAPARTE's GULL. 655 



Toung. — Bill black ; feet dusky. Traces of a hood or nape, largely slaty, &c., accord- 

 ing to precise age. Outer five or six primaries wholly black iu their continuity, rather 

 lighter and somewhat slaty at base, with or without a minute white speck at the tip. 

 Mantle gray or brown, more or less mixed with blue, according to age. Tail ashy 

 white, with a broad, black subterminal bar. Under parts white. This appears to be 

 the usual plumage of birds of the first autumn. 



Dimen-iions. — Length, about 14 inches ; extent, 35; wing, 11.25; tail, about 4.50 ; bill, 

 along culmen, 1.30 ; along gape, 1.75 ; height at nostril, 0.35 ; tarsus, l.GO ; niiddle toe 

 and claw, about the same. The young are a little smaller, with the bill especially 

 shorter and smaller. 



This beautiful bird requiies no special comparison with any other. The case of 

 " citciilUitus'' being disposed of, there remains little to be said on points of synonymy. 



A Lams melcDiorhj/nchus of Temminck (of which I know nothing) has been adduced 

 by some authors among the synonyms of " cucuUattts ;" Schlegel puts it under philudd- 

 2)hia ; Messrs. Sclater and Salviu do not enumerate it in their late paper. These authors 

 query the Ch. kitiUizii of Ikuch, which Schlegel, without hesitation, assigns to Jraiihlini. 

 The last-named author adduces Ch. siihuHrostris of Bonaparte and Bruch. According 

 to Messrs. Sclater and Salviu, the L. cinereo-cmidatiis of Philipiii and Landbcck belongs 

 here. 



In North America, as far as is knowu, this Gull is confined to the 

 interior, west of the Mississii^pi. I have met with it on several occa- 

 sions : in Kansas, during the spring migration, and in Northern Dakota, 

 where, at Turtle Mountain, I took in July a bird so young ihat I l\?lt 

 satisfied it had been hatched not far off. It breeds in the adjoining 

 British i)roviuce of Manitoba, as attested by eggs in the Smithsonian, 

 one of which was lately described by Prof. Newton, as above cited. The 

 egg is 2^ inches long. If broad, and closely resembles that of the E.squi 

 mau.x: Curlew iu size, shape, and color, though the dark splashes are 

 more evenly distributed over the surface. The very young bird, just 

 mentioned, measured 13.75 x 33.75 x 9.75 ; tail, 4 ; bill, 1.10 ; tarsus, and 

 middle toe and claw, each, 1.05. The bill was livid blackish, with pale 

 base of under mandible ; the feet were flesh-colored. The habits of the 

 species are essentially tbe same as those of its congeners ; its extensive 

 dispersion through Middle and South xVmerica is perceived from the 

 ibregoiug quotations. 



L Alius (CnRCECOCEPHALUS) PHILADELPHIA, ^Ord) Gray. 



BonapartC'S Gull. 



Sterna jihUmhljjhia, Ord, Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. ii, 1815, 319. 



Chrcecocejihahm philadcljihia, L.vwR., B. N. A. 1858, 852; Ann. Lvc. N. Y. viii, 1806,291).— 

 Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 276.— Wiikat.'. Ohio. Agric. Kep. 1^60, 

 No. 2G9.— CoiEs &. PijKNT., SmUhs. Kep. 1861, 418 (Washington, D. C.).— Cori:s, 

 Pr. Phila. Acad. 1861, 247 (Labrador) ; ibid. 1862, 310 (critical) ; ibid. Vm), 99 

 (Arizona); ibid. 1871, 41 (North Carolina).— CouES, Pr. Ess. Inst, v, 1H68, 307 

 (New England).— CoUKS, Pr. Bost. Soc. xii, 1868, 126 (South Carolina). — Vkhh., 

 Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 155 (Maine).— Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 131 

 (Maine).— Ai.T.EN, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 80 (Massachusetts).— Dall & Banx., 

 Tr. Chic. Ac. 1869, 305 (Alaska).— Mayx., N. Guide, 1^70, 151 (Massacliusetts).— 

 Ni-.WT., P. Z. S. 1^71, .57, pi. 4, f. 6(egg). 



Larua pldhuMpJiia, Gray, List Br. B. 18(i3. 235 (Great Britain).- Hart., Br. B. 1872, 172 

 (Great Britain; six instances). — Coles, Key, 1872, 31(J; Check-list, 1874, No. 

 .5.56.— KiDiav., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 1^174, 391 (Illiuois). 



Larns phiUidelphifus, Turmj., B. E. Pa. 1869, 38. 



LaritH i:apinlr(ilu8, Bi'., Am. Oru. iv, ; Syn. l'"28, :i58. (Not of authors.) 



Lants boiiaparici, Kicii., V. B. A. ii. 1831, 425, pi. 72.— Nrrr.. Mau. ii, ls3l, 294.— AUD., 

 Orn. Biog. iv, 212, pi. 324 ; Syn. ]H39, 323; B. Am. vii. 1-44, 131. j)!. 4.52.— Gn;., 

 B. L. I. l.-'44, 359.— Pi TN., Pr. Ess. lust, i, 185(1, 221.— S( in... Mus. I'.-!!, iv, 1-63, 

 jMri, p. 41. (Not of Sci.. & Sai.v., P. Z. S. 1868, 17d (Peru), which is L. nvira- 

 vhh; see ibid. 1871, .577.) 



Xnna boiiajHirhi, Bl'., List, 1838, ()2. 



ChroicociplialHJi bonupurhi, BiMcn, .1. f. O. 1855, 292. 



Gax'ia bouaparlei, Bi-., Compt. K'cud. lH.")(i, 771.— Bi.as., .J. f. O. 18<)5, 371. 



(?) fMnts miiniiun, Sau., Prauid. .Jouru. 693. — I{ii-ii.. F. B. A. ii, 1831, 426 (most probably). 



(i) " Lanm welaiitintH, OitD." {i'idi- lip.) (^Vher«^?) 



I'.)-' Larua mila>ioihiiiuhiiit,'rKMM,Mn». Lugd." {l-idc Sctil.) (Cf. Blas., J.f.O. 1^65,371.) 



