346 FALCO COLUMBARIUS, PIGEON HAWK. 



4, pi. 4, f. 9. — Jai!D., Anil. N. H. xviii, 118 (Tobago).— Blak., Ibis, iii, 315. — 



Coop. & Suck., N. H. Wash. Ter. 1860, 142.— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 460.— 



Rir)GW., Pr. Pliihi. Acad. 1870, 140.— ?Alli:n, Bull. M. C. Z. iii, 1872, 160.— 



CouKS, Key, 1872, 214. 

 Faico (Hijpotriorchiif) columbarius of many authors. — Cass., B. N. A. 1858, 9. 

 TiniiiDuitluH colmnbariiis, Vikill., 01s. Aui. Sept. i, 1807, pi. 11 ; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. 



xii, 104 ; Euc. Meth. iii, 1236. 

 Nisiis coliimhariua, Cuv. 

 Asfiir rohnnhdrhtu, Boiic. 

 Hypotrioruhia colmnbarius, Gkay, Gen. of B. ; List B. Br. Mus. 55. — Bp., Consp. i, 1850, 



26. — WoODH., Sitj^r. Rep. 1853,60.— Cass., 111. 1854, 90 (includes next species).— 



Brew., N. A. Ool. 1857, 12.— Newb., P. R. R. Rep. vi, 18.57, 74.— Hkekm., ibid. 



X, 1859, pt. vi, 31.— Dkess., Ibis, 1865, 323 (Texas).— Coues, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 



1866, 42 (Arizona) —Dall & Bann., Tr. Chic. Acad, i, 1869, 270 (Alaska).— 



Lawk., Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix, 134 (Costa Rica). — Stev., U. S. Geol. Surv. Ter. 



1870, 462 —Snow, B. Kaus. 1873. 

 Hijpoiriorchis {Lifhofalco) colnmbariiiti, Bp., Consp. Av. i, 1850, 26. 

 Hjipofriorchifi {^aaion) cohimbca-ius, GiiAY, Hand-list, i, 1869, 21, No. 193. 

 JEmloii coliimbariiifi, Kaup, Monog. FaJc. Cont. Orn. 1850, 54. 

 Falco {^Hdloii) lHhofaJco var. colinnbariits, RiDGW., Pr. Bost. Soc. 1873, 46 (but co/«m- 



bariits has priority).— B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 144.. 

 Falco intermixtas, Daui>., Traite d'Oin. ii, 1800, 141. 



Falco iememriiis, AuD., Orn. Biog. i, 1831, 381, pi. 75. — Nutt., Man. i, 1832, 61. 

 Falco auduboni, " Blackw., Zool. Res. 1834." 

 (?) Falco {JEsalon) lithofalco var. siicJdeiii, Ridgw.-B. B. & R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 147 



(northwest coast ; melanotic ; parallel with case of communis \ai: pealci). 



Hah. — Generally distributed over North America. Ranginfi; into Mexico, Central 

 America, and northern jjortions of South America. Ecuador (Scl. P. Z. S. 1858. 451). 

 Venezuela (Sci.. & Salv., P. Z. S. 1869, 252). Cuba(D'ORBiG., La Sagra's Cuba, Ois. 23 ; 

 Cab., J. f. O. ii, p. Ixxxiv ; Gundl., Rep. 18G5, 255). Jamaica (GosSE, B. Jam. 1847, 17). 



Late Expeditious. — 60621, Green River. 



In ranging this bird as a variety of the Eui'opean, Mr. Ridgway has apparently over- 

 looked the fact that " columbariiis" has priority over " lithofalco" which latter, in event 

 he proves correct in uniting the two, will be known as F. columbarins var. lithofalco. 

 Considering, however, that in tliis instance the fact of varietal relationship can hardly 

 be considered established, and that it is rarely necessary, or even expedient, to ex- 

 change one tentative view for another equally so, I follow the usual course in separat- 

 ing the two birds specifically Upon similar considerations I retain F. vichardmni as 

 a species until its inter-gradation with F. colmnbarius is proven, although I believe 

 that most probablj Mr. Ridgway's later view of its varietal relationship with F. colum- 

 barins is correct. 



I have little to add to the published aocouuts of this elegant and 

 spirited Hawk, aptly styled " Tbe Little Corporal." It is apparently 

 not common in the interior of tbe West, and even less so than has been 

 supposed, a part of the quoted instances of its occurrence, like Dr. 

 Hayden's for instance, really referring to the next species, the history 

 of which has only lately been disentangled from that of the true Pigeoii 

 Hawk. Mr. Dall gives it as resident in Alaska, and notes the fact of 

 its even destroying Ptarmigan, birds much larger than itself — proof, 

 were any needed, of its audacity and prowess. According to Dr. Cooper, 

 it ranges over the whole of California in cold Meather, but he never 

 observ^ed it m summer, even in the highest mountains. 



Our accounts of its mdificatiou are defective, and sometimes conflict- 

 ing. It appears to breed chiefly north of the United States, and accord- 

 ing to Hutchins, as rendered in the Fauna Boreali-Americana, it makes 

 a nest on rocks and in hollow trees, of sticks and grass, lined with 

 feathers. Audubon describes a nest he found in Labrador in a low lir- 

 tree, ten or twelve feet from the ground, built of sticks, lined with moss 

 and feathers. The bird is unquestionably resident in Northern New 

 England, where Mr. Boardmau says it breeds in hollow trees. No 

 authentic instance of its breeding lurther south has come to my knowl- 

 edge. Mr. Samuels, indeed, in his Catalogue, gives it as resident and 

 breeding in Massachusetts, but this is uegatived by his owu subsequent 



