390 ZEN.EDUKA CAROLINENSIS, CAROLINA DOVE. 



on bushes. The ])rincipal bashes of some parts of the Territory are 

 cacti and other thorny growths, so terribly prickly that snakes can 

 scarcely climb them; indeed 1 have seen nests in "cholla" bushes, 

 where it seemed scarcely possible for even a bird to alight to build with- 

 out wounding its feet, there being absolutely not a smooth spot on the 

 whole shrub. In the wooded and mountainous i)arts of the Territory 

 the niditication varies. Though resident in the Territory at large, the 

 Dove is only a summer sojourner in these higher parts, where it arrives 

 the latter part of April and remains until the middle of October. Its 

 coming marks the opening of spring, when the silence of the vast pine 

 tracts, scarcely" broken before but by the dismal caw of the Raven or the 

 harsh notes of the Jays and Woodi)eckers, is now enlivened by the twit- 

 tering of Swallows and the agreeable songs of the birds, as well as by 

 the cooing of the Dove, which resounds in plaintive, measured cadence, 

 while the gentle bird is wooing his mate. 



The Ground Dove, a very small and delicate species of the southern 

 portions of the United States, has not been known to penetrate to any 

 portion of the Missouri region. It ap])eai's to be, in some degree, a bird 

 of our southern coast regions, so rarely, in tlie United States at least, 

 does it stray far inland. Its usual range is limited by the Carolinas, 

 but I have a record of the capture of a specimen, many years ago, at 

 Washington, D. 0. Audubon states that a "search for theuj a hundred 

 miles inland would in all probability prove fruitless;" but against this 

 statement I lind pencilled, in a co])y of his work in the State Library at 

 Columbia, South Carolina, a note to the efiect that one was shot on the 

 Congaree Eiver, not far from Columbia, in December, 1839. The species 

 occurs in Southern Arizona, l)ut not, so far as I am aware, in the region 

 of Fort Whipple. It is also abundant at Cape Saint Lucas, and extends 

 ninthward into Southern California. The niditication is not peculiar. 

 The eggs are two, seven-eighths long by two-thirds broad. The syno- 

 nymy of the species is subjoined.* 



* CiiAM-EPELiA PASSEKiXA, (Linnceus) Swainsmi. 



Columba passerina, LiNX., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 285 (Sloaxe, Jam. ii, 305, pi. 261, f\^. 3; 

 Gates., i, 26 ; Briss. i. 113, pi. 9, fig. 1).— Gm., Svst. Nat. i, 1788, 7i^7.— Lath., L 

 Orn. ii, 1790, 611.— Wils., Am. Oru. iv, 1811, 1.5, pi. 46, tig. -.— Wagl., Syst. Av. 

 Columha, No. 88.— Br., Syn. 1828, 120.— NuTT.,.Mau. i, 1832, 635.— Aud., Orn. 

 Biog. ii, 1834. 471; v, 1839, 558; pi. 182; Svu. 1839, 192: B. Am. v, 1842, 19, pi. 

 28:3.— SiiN[)., Ofv. Vet. Akad. Foib. 1869, 586 (Saint Bartholomew). 



Cohimha {Goura) imxsvrhia, Bp., Obs. Wils. 1825, 181. 



Clicvmept'lia pdat^crbm, Sw., Zool. Jonru. iii, 1827, 361. — Gray, Hand-list, No. 9336. 



(.'Ueniepelia paswrina, Sw., Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 349. 



Chanupcha puH^iriua, Bp., List, 1838, 41. 



Chamapclia passa-ina, Ghay, 1841. — GossE, B. Jam. 1846, 311. — Bp., Consp. ii, 1854, 77. — 

 Cau., J. f. O. iv, 1856 (Cuba).— Sci.., P. Z. S. 1857, 205 (Xalapa); 1859, 391 

 (Oaxaea) ; 1864, 178 (Mexico City) ; Ibis, i, 18.59. 223 (Guatemala). -Bd., B. N. 

 A. 1858, 606.— Ct)UE.s & Pi:ext., Smiths. Rep. 1861. 414.— Maiich, Pr. Phila. 

 Acad. 1863, 302 (Jamaica).— Coi:es, Pr. Phila. Acad. 1866, 93 (Sontheru Ari- 

 zona). — BriYAXi', Pr. Bost. Soc. 1866 (Porto Rico). — Lawii., Ann. Lye. N. Y. ix, 

 134 (Costa Rica) ; ix, 207 (Yucatan).— Coop., B. Cal. i, 1870, 516.— COUES, Key, 

 1872, 226.- B. B. «fc R., N. A. B. iii, 1874, 389. pi. .58, fig. 6. 



Chama'pclia passerina var. paUescvus, Bd., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1859, 305. — Coop., B. Cal. i, 

 1870, 517 (Cape Saint Lucas). 



Pijrqilccnas passerinHs, Reich., ColumbariBB. 



Pcristcra pmsmna, ScHL., M. P.-B. x, 1873, 134. 



Columba mhinta, LiNX., Sy.st. Nat. i, 1766, 285 (Biuss., i, 116, pi. 8, fig. 2). — Gm., Syst. 

 Nat. 1788, 7r!8.— Lath., lud. Orn. ii, 1790, 612 (ra>imiiii<' Tiirlle, Gen. Syn. iv, 660.) 



Chamwpiiia (jranatina ct albivitla, Bp., Cousp. Av. ii, 1854, 77 (Bogota and Carthageua). 



Fi/rgitociias albivitta, Reich., Columl)ari{B. 



IJab. — Southern (Juited States. North to about 3.5^. Southward through Mexico 

 and Central America to Northern South America. Several West India Islands. 



