SURXIA ULULA VAE. HUDSONIA, HAWK OWL. 311 



States east of the Mississippi, aud in Kansas and Texas ; while the 

 silence of the records in the West may be in greatest part due to the 

 fact, that few explorations are conducted — even individual observations 

 being- restricted — during the inclement season, when its visits are made, 

 if at all. But I have learned, from several residents in the vicinity of 

 Fort Randall, of its occasional appearance on the Missouri at that ])oiut. 

 I find no United States quotations west of the Rocky Mountains ; for 

 although the species is admitted in Dr. Cooper's work, this author 

 admits " there is as yet no intimation of the occurrence in California of 

 this large Owl." In New England and a part of tlie Middle States, the 

 Snowy Owl is sometimes common in winter. Mr. Cassin remarks tbat 

 it is occasionally so numerous as to sell for a mere tritle in the Philadel- 

 phia markets. It does not, however, entirely withdraw from the arctic 

 regions even in winter, at which season Mr. Dall saw it flying over the 

 frozen Yukon. The j^robability is, tbat it is resident in the forests of 

 Maine. Mr. Boardman instances a pair seen in spring that probably 

 had a nest in the vicinity of Calais; and its capture in Massachusetts, 

 as late as the 20th of May, is recorded by Mr. Allen. 



According to those who have studied the bu'd in its native regions, 

 it is not exclusively nocturnal, but hunts by day without inconvenience; 

 feeds on hare and grouse as well as smaller game, and is expert in fish- 

 ing ; nests on the ground, and lays three or four white eggs measuring 

 about U| inches in lengtli by 2 in breadth. 



SURNIA ULULA var. HUDSOXIA, (Gm.) Cones. 

 American Hank Owl. 



a. ulula. 



Chouette a lotigiie r/iiene de Siberic, Ruff., P. E. 463; Ois. Sonu. iv, pi. 30, fig. 1. 



C'hoiiette eperricrc, Buff., Ois. Scjuij., iv, 128. 



Strix ulula, Lixx., Syst. Nat. i, 17()(), 133 ())ased on Fu. Suec. 78 ; Bhiss., i, 511, &c.). — 



DoNXi)., Beit, i, 16l.».— Nii.ss., Skaiitl. Fn. i, 64. 

 (???) Strix ulula var. b., Lath., Ind. Oin. i, 1790, 60 (quotes S. arciica, Spark., Mus. Carls. 



iii. p. 5). 

 Surnia ulula, Bi-., Cat. Ucc. Eur. p. 22.— Guay, Gen. of B. i, 1844, pi. 12, fig. 1.— Kaup, 



Mon. SirUj. Cont. Orn. 1852, 107.— Ghay, Hand-list, i, li-6L), 39.— Dress., B. Eur. 



pt. xii, 1872. 

 "Strix funerva, Lixx., Fn. Suec, 1761, 2.5, No. 75" (this is also the primary hasisofSyst. 



Nat. i, 17()6, 133, No. 11, with which, however, is cited S. caiuKhusis, Biast<.). — 



Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 171)0,60.— Te.mm.. Man. i, 1820, 86.— Schl., Rev.Crit. 1844, 17. 

 Nocfua {Surnia) funtrva, Cuv., K. A. 1817, i, 332. 

 Surnia fnnerea, Bp., List, 1838, 6.— Gouf^d. B. Eur. pi. 45. — Less., Man. i, 110.— Sw., 



Classif. B. ii, 218.— Bhehm, V. D. i, 101.— Keys & Blas. Wirb. Eur. 1840, 32. 

 Strix umhumH, Shaw, Gen. Zoo], vii, 1801), 277, pi. 35 {nee 1'all.). 

 Strix uixoria, Mkvf.ij. Tascli. i, 1810, 84.— Bkcust., Naturg. li, 984.— Naum., V. D. 1822, 



i, 427, pi. 42, lig. 2. 

 Syruium uisoriu, K.vui'. Sk. Ent. Eur. Tliierw. J829, 59. 

 Nocliia, tiiwria, Cav., K. A. 2d cd. i, 1829, 344. 

 Snniia uiwria, Bi:i;iim, V. D. i, 102, pi. 7. lig. 1. 

 Strix (luliata, Pai.l., Zoog. R.-A. i, l8ll, 316, pi. 1. 



(f?) '• *7»u; «rc<(ttf, SrAiiini., Mus. ('arl.s. 51."— (Guav; rather Brachyotus palustris). 

 ''Sirix arripitriua, Bkuust., Vog. Deutsch. ii, 372, pi. 12." 



b. hudsonia. 



Strix canadninis, Bi:iss., Oni. i, 17(;i), 518, pi. 37, fig. 2.— Shaw. Gen. Zctol. vii, 1809, 273. 



Surui<i cauaihnsix. .StkI'H., Shaw's (icn. Zool. xiii, pt. ii, 1826. 62. 



Strix J'rtli-hu(houis, Bijis.s., Orn. 1760. 52(» ('Little Hawk Owl," Kdw., ii, 1747, pi. G2; 



whence Caparacoch, Buff., i, 1770, 306). 

 Stnx fuiiirva, Linn., Syst. Nat. i, 176(;, 133 (partly; iucliules the European).— Foii-sT., 



Fhilo.s. Trans. Ixji, 1772, 3-5.— Jii'., Syn."l82.-<, 2;'>.— Sw. A: Ivicu., V. B. A. ii, 



