680 STERNA HIRUNUO, COMMON TERN. 



very abundantly, to judge from the great number of eggs from that 

 region I have seen. It may yet be found to nest on or near tbe northern 

 tier of States. Of its general habits there is little to be said, as they 

 agree entirely with those of its well-known allies. 



STERNA HIRUNDO, Auct. 

 Common Tern. 



Stei-na Mrundo, (?) Linn., Fn. Suec. 158 ; Syst. N.at. i, 227 (S. major, Briss., Orn. vi, 

 203, 1)1. 19, f. 1; " rostrum pedei^que ruhri" — may have been macrura). (Not 

 of Biiiuuich, Fabricius, Faber, or Ricbardsou.) — Sch^ff., Mus. Oru. 1779, 

 65.— Gm., Syst. Nat. i, 1788, 606.— Lath., Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 807.— Becii.st., 

 Naturjr. iv."l802, 682.— Mey. & Wolf, Tascb. ii, 1810, 459.— Wils., Am. Oru. 

 vii, 1813, 76, pi. 60, f. 1.— Temm., Man. 1815, 481.— Leach, Cat. 1816, 41.— 

 ViEiLi.., N. D. xxxii, 1819, 172.— Temm., Man. ii, 1820, 740.— NiLss., Oru. Suec. 

 ii, 1821, 156.— BoiE, Isis, 1822, 563.— Steph., G. Z. xii, 150, pi. 18.— V^ieill., Fn. 

 FrauQ. 1828, 401.— Bp., Syn. 1828, 354.— Flem., Br. An. 1828, 143.— Kaup, 

 Sk. Eut. Eur. Tbierw. 1829, 26.— Buehm, V. D. 1831, 781.— Less., Tr. Oru. 

 1831, 621.— NuTT., Man. ii, 1834, 271.— Jen., Man. 1835, 266.— Bp., List, 1838, 

 61.— AuD., Oru. Bios, iv, 1838, 74, pi. 309 ; Syn. 1839, 318 ; B. Am. vii, 1844, 97, 

 pi. 433.— Keys. & Blas., Wirb. Eur. 1840, 97.— Schinz, Eur. Fu. 1840, 373.— 

 Naum., V. D. X, 1840, 89, pi. 252.— Macgil., Man. Orn. ii, 1842, 231.— Schi„, 

 Rev. Crit. Ois. Eur. 1844, 129.— De Kay, N. Y. Fn. ii, 1844, 298, pi. 125, figs. 

 275, 276.— GiR., B. L. I. 1844, 347.-Degl., Orn. Eur. ii, 1849, 342— Gray, Gen. 

 of B. iii, 1849, 659; List Br. B. 1863, 240.— Thomps., Nat. Hist. Irel. iii, 1851, 

 281.— PuTN., Pr. Ess. Inst, i, 1856, 221.— Coues, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1862, 547.— 

 Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 1862, 161 (Maine).- Blas., J. f. 0. 1866, 78.— Lawr., 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 299 (New York).— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 90 

 (New England). — Coues, ibid, v, 1868, 308 (tbe same).— Coue.s, Pr. Bost. Soc. 

 xii, 1868, 126 (Soutb Carolina).- Allen, Am. Nat. iii, 1870, 641.— Turns., B. E. 

 Pa. 1869, 39.— Coues, Pr. Pbila. Acad. 1871, 43 (North Carolina, migratory.)— 

 Coues, Key, 1872, 320.— Coues, Cbeck-list, No. 565.— Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. li, 

 3871 (Florida, winter).- Mayn., Guide, 1870, 152.— Ridgw., Ann. Lye. N. Y. x, 

 1874, 391 (Illiuois). 



S)jdroctcro2)is Mrundo, BoiE, Isis, 1844, 179. 



Sterna nilotica, Has.selq. (Fide Bias.) 



Sterna fluviatUis, Naum., Isis, 1820, p. — .— Brehm, V. D. 1831, 779. — Bp., Compt. Rend. 

 1856, 772.— Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 118, No. 11021. 



Sterna pomarina, Brehm, V. D. 1841, 781. 



Sterna Mum, Brehal {Gray ) 



(!) Sterna marina, Eyt., Cat. Br. B. 1836, 55 (by some assigned to macrura). 



Sterna wilsuni, Bp., List, 1838, 61.— Lawr., B. N. A. 185S, 861.— Bry., Pr. Bost. Soc. vii, 

 1859, 134 (Bahamas).- Wheat., Ohio Agric. Rep. 1860, No. 273.— Coue.s, Pr. 

 Pbila. Acad. 1861, 247 (Labrador).— Coues & Pkent., Smiths. Rep. 1861, 418 

 (Washington, D. C.).— Boardm., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 131 (Maine).- Dress., 

 Ibis, 1865, 44 (Texas, breeds). — Snow, B. Kaus. 1873, 12 (Kansas, rare). 



DiAG. S. rostro rubra, in apicem nifjrieante, pedihus rubris, pileo niqro, paUio' pertaeeo, 

 gastra'o ex albido jierlaceo, pofjonio exteriori reclricis exterioris griseo-plumbeo vclfusco. 



ifa&.— Europe. North America generally. Not on the Pacific side (?). Bahamas. 

 No West Indian or Central American record (?). Breeds variously in its North Ameri- 

 can range; winters iu the United States north to 57°; passes beyond Texas ( J«rZHbo»)- 

 (Pelzeln's record of " wilsoni," p. 325, Brazil, really refers to cassini ; fide SCL. & Salv., 

 P. Z. S. 1871, 565.) 



Adult, summer plumage — Bill as long as the head, about equaling the tarsus and mid- 

 dle toe without tbe claw, of moderate robustness, its height at the base being con- 

 tained a little more than liv(! times in the length of its culmen. Gouys.jnst as long as 

 the rami, measured from tbe feathers on the side of tlie maiidilde to the eminentia 

 symphysis, which latter is but slightly marked. Nasal groove moderately long and 

 deep, a sulcus, bounded above aucrbelow by a stria, proceeding from it anteriorly to 

 be lust at tbe tomia about two-thirds the way to the tip. In ef)lor it is bright coral, or 

 light vermilion, on its basal half, or rather more than half, the remainder black, ex- 

 cept the extreme tips of the mandibles, which are yellowisli. Tbe i)ileum is lustrous 

 velvety -black, with a slight tinge of glossy -green. It extends to tbe lower level of the 

 eyes, but leaves the lower lids white, and it is so broad on the lores that tbe white 

 line of feathers aloug the side of the nniudible is very narrow, aud hardly reaches to 



