STERNA MACRURA, ARCTIC TERN. 685 



least. We have some citations from the interior, but none that I am 

 aware of from the Pacific side. Its track appears to be mainly along 

 the Atlantic coast from Texas to Labrador. My own experience with 

 it is confined to this line, from the Carolinas to Labrador. I find no 

 record north of the last-named region ; the bird is obviously not so bo- 

 real as macrura. It appears to breed at places all along the line indi- 

 cated. I found it in Labrador in summer, and Mr. Dresser speaks of its 

 breeding in Texas. The New England breeding references are numer- 

 ous and unanimous. In North Carolina the bird is very common during 

 the migration, arriving from the south early in April, passing on during 

 the following month, and being again abundant during September and 

 October. The numerous specimens I observed at the latter season all 

 retained the black cap, though even in September they had mostly com- 

 pleted the fall moult, being newly feathered, except on the crown, 'where 

 the black was worn and faded, yet not much mixed with white, except- 

 ing, perhaps, a few specks on the forehead. The change of the pileum 

 appears to be very gradual, and, as already intimated, it probably never 

 progresses to a stage in which the cap is mostly white. At this season 

 the feet were simply orange-yellow, not vermilion, and the bill was 

 shaded with dusky throughout. Some of the year's young had nearly 

 perfect wing and tail feathers; but the mantle showed dusky mottling, 

 with some blackish areas on the wing-coverts. Still younger birds were 

 beautifully variegated with gray and light brown. In all the young the 

 feet were yellowish, more or less obscured with dusky ; the bill was 

 mostly black, with yellow or orange on the basal part of the under man- 

 dibles ; the bill was invariably smaller than it is when adult, not so 

 hard, and more obtuse at the tip. 



STERNA MACRURA, Naum. 



Arctic Tern. 



(?) Sterna hirnndo, BRiJNN., Oru. Bor. 1764.— Fabric, Fn. Groenl. 1780, 105.— Faber, 



Prod. Isl. Orn. 1822, 68 (certainly belongs here).- Liisx., Syst. Nat. i, 1766, 227. 

 Stenia Jiirundo, Br., Coiupt. Reud. 1856, 772.— Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 118, No. 11020.— 



Dress., B. Eur. ])t. xii, J872; and of other authors who thus identify hirimdo, 



Linn. 

 (?) Stei-na paradiaea, BRtJNN., Orn. Bor. 1764, 42 (most probably).— Blas., J. f, O. 1866, 



74, 78. 

 Sterna macrura, Naum, Isis, xii, 1819, p. 1847.— Brehm., V. D. 1831, 784.— Naum,, V. D. 



1860, No. 274.— Cass., Pr. Phila. Acad. 1862, 325 (Bering Straits).— Coues, Pr 



Phila. Acad. 1862, 549.— Board.m., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 131 (Maine, breed- 

 ing).— Vkijr., Pr. Bost. Soc. ix, 1862, 141 (AnticoBtl).— Verr., Pr. Ess. Inst, iii, 

 lb()2, 161 (Maine, breeding).— Allen, Pr. Ess. Inst, iv, 1864, 90 (Massachu- 

 setts).- Coues, ibid, v, 186y, 308 (New England).— Raddk, Reisc, ii. 1863, 388 

 (Siberia).— Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii, 1866, 299 (New York).— Maljmg., J. f. O. 

 1865, 200 (Spitzbergen).— Newt., Ibis, 1865, 506.— Dale &, Bann., Tr. Chic. 

 Acad. 1869, 3(»() (Alaska).— Allen, Am. Nat. 1870, 642.— Mayn., Guide, 1870, 152 

 (Massachusetts, breeding).— CoUES, Key, 1872,321; Check-list, No. 567.— Dale, 

 Pr. Cal. Acad. 1873 and l«74, p. — (Ahuitian Islands). 

 Stei-na arctica, Temm., Man. ii, 1^^20, 742.— Boik, Isis, 1822, 5C)3.— Stepil, G. Z. xiii, 152.— 

 Flem., Br. B. 1H28, 144.— Bi'., Syn. 1828, 354.— Kaui", Sk. Ent. Eur. Tliierw. 

 1829, 26.— BuEUM, V. D. 1831, 785 —Less., Tr. Orn. 1831, 631.— Sw. & Rich., 

 F. B. A. ii, 1831, 414.— Nutt., Man. ii, 1834, 275.— .Jen., Man. 1835, 267.-j-Eyt., 

 Cat. Br. B. 1836, .54.— Arn., Orn. Biog. ill, 1835, 3(i(), pi. 2.')(); Syn. IKW, 319 ; 

 B. Am. vii, 1844, 107, pi. 424.— Bi-., List, 183H, 61.— SciiiNZ, Eur. Fn. 1S4(I, 373.— 

 Macgil., Man. ii, 1S42, 232.— Sciil., Rev. Crit. 1844. 129.— Pitn., Pr. Ess. Inst, 

 i. 185(), 221 (Massachusetts).- HuY., Pr. Bost. Soc. vi, 18.58, 120.— Tiknh., B. E. 

 Pa. Ib69, 139 (uutumu and winter). 



