358 NEW SPECIES OF FEESH-WATEB FISHES. 



dusky. Soft dorsal and caudal light yellow, with bauds of black spots. 

 Anal pale yellow, with two rows of olive spots; pectorals and ventrals 

 yellow, with olive spots ; ventrals edged with orange. 



The smaller specimen had the dark blotches on side inky-black, the 

 back more sharply mottled, and the orange on dorsal very faint. 



Two specimens of this species were taken in swift water in the Roan- 

 oke River, near the city of Roanoke. The largest of these is 5i inches 

 in length, almost as large as the largest of E. caprodes. It is probable 

 that this species reaches a larger size than any other of the Darters. 

 It is very close to E. caprodes, differing chiefly in the presence of red 

 and green markings, in the larger scales, and in the more robust form. 

 10. Etheostoma roanoka Jordan & Jenkins, sp. dov. (Type 39S6G, U. S. Nat. Mus.) 

 Subgenus HaAropterus Agassi z, allied to Etheostoma ei-ides. 



Head, 3* to 4 in length; depth, 4£ to 4|. D. x or xi-11. A. n, 8 or 

 9. Scales, 5-4S-6, the number in lateral line varying from 41 to 50. 

 Length, 2k inches. 



Body decidedly robust, moderately compressed, the back elevated. 

 Head broad, heavy, tapering forward, the snout moderately blunt at 

 tip, then nearly straight from before eye backward to occiput. Pre- 

 maxillaries not protractile. Maxillary 3| in head, reaching front of 

 pupil. Mouth small, little oblique, low, the lower jaw included all 

 around ; teeth rather strong. Eye about as long as snout, 4^ to 4f in 

 head. Cheek scaleless, usually two or three small scales on upper part 

 of opercle, the head often quite naked ; nape and breast naked ; middle 

 line of belly with about eight moderately enlarged scales ; preopercle 

 entire ; opercular spine moderate ; gill membranes very slightly con- 

 nected ; lateral line complete ; dorsal fins moderate, contiguous ; anal 

 large, its spines large, the first strongest ; pectoral about as long as 

 head, reaching beyond ventrals to vent. Caudal slightly lunate. 



Color straw-yellow, the males dark green; sides with ten or eleven 

 vertical cross-bars, more or less confluent into a lateral baud. In the 

 males, these bauds are of a deep blue-green and vaguely defined. In 

 the females, they are distinctly diamond-shaped and confluent along 

 their middle, forming a broad baud, with both edges serrate ; male with 

 lower parts and paler parts of head bright sulphur-yellow ; back barred 

 and mottled with dark ; nape with a pale spot ; head dark blue in males, 

 with a black bar forward and one downward from eye; lips orange. 

 Fins in male nearly plain blue-black ; first dorsal with a median band 

 of very bright yellow, its base with a black band, its edge narrowly 

 black; second dorsal and anal faintly barred ; some orange-yellow on 

 ventrals, anal, and soft dorsal; two yellow spots at base of caudal, the 

 upper forming a curved streak above the last of the dark lateral spots. 

 Females paler, yellowish below, the markings black and less diffuse, the 

 second dorsal and caudal sharply barred. 



This beautiful species is very abundant in the Roanoke River in swift 

 waters, especially among rocks covered with river- weed. Many speci- 



