ART. 10 GALL-INHABITING CYNIPID WASPS WELD 57 



October 8, 1916, contained pupae when examined September 17, 1917, 

 and adults November 16, 1917, which emerged in numbers and were 

 found alive in out-of-door breeding cage on March 13, 1918, others 

 emerging before April 6. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF ZOPHEROTER.\S 



1. Parapsidal grooves very indistinct especially posteriorly 2 



Parapsidal grooves distinct and percurrent 3 



2. Carinae meeting above to form an arch below upper margin. Scntellum 



from above slightly pointed behind. Head slightly broadened behind eyes. 

 Facial area one and fifty-six hundredths times as broad as high. 



Mesoscutum in profile showing hump behind compressa (Gdlette). 



Carinae widely separated at margin above. Scntellum rounded behind. 

 Head not broadened behind eyes. Facial area one and thirty-seven 

 hundredths times as broad as high. In profile the arch of mesoscutum 

 is low and curvature uniform hubbardi (Ashmead). 



3. Mesoscutum, sides of pronotum, disk and mesopleura almost smooth. Mesos- 



cutum in profile without hump behind. Body red vaccinii (Ashmead). 



Above parts distinctly coriaceous. Mesoscutum in profile with hump be- 

 hind. Abdomen largely black sphaerula Weld. 



ACRASPIS ERINACEI (Beutenmueller) 



The hedgehog galls of the agamic generation have been collected at 

 Waterport, Syracuse (Crosby), and Ithaca, N. Y. ; Elyria, Ohio: 

 Porter, Ind. ; Winnetka, Evanston, Glen Ellyn and Moline, 111., Blue- 

 mont, Va., and Washington, D. C. At St. Louis, Mo., flies emerged 

 December 4, 5, 23, 25, and January 3. Brodie found galls just start- 

 ing at Toronto on Jime 28 and adults began to emerge October 20, 

 1886, and in 1892 they emerged October 24-28. In 1887 the galls 

 were exceedingly abundant and he reared several thousands of the 

 wingless flies without finding a male. In the Chicago area pupae 

 were found inside tlie galls on September 8, 1906. On November 1, 

 1908, a cool day when scattered flakes of snow were flying, flies were 

 emerging and observed ovipositing in the buds. Most of the leaves 

 were still on the trees and they had onlj^ to crawl down the petioles 

 to the terminal cluster of buds. Brodie found the galls everywhere 

 common about Toronto on second growth trees, appearing about the 

 last of June and falling with the leaves, the producers beginning to 

 emerge November 20, in 1886, and from October 24-28, in 1892, not 

 surviving the winter. He bred several thousand producers without 

 finding a male. 



The galls of the sexual generation of this species are thin and 

 brittle-walled, whitish, blister-like swellings on the inner or con- 

 cave face of some of the outer or lower bud-scales in the buds of the 

 terminal cluster on Quercus alha in early spring. They are not usu- 

 ally visible until the buds have opened and the insects have escaped. 



