844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



15. LEUCISCUS Cuvier. 



Lmciscus (Klt'iii) Cuviku, Regne Animal, 1st ed. LSI 7, ]>. 194 ((JiiJmhi, mtlh 



leadscHK, alhurnus, and phoxhms) , h'tuisnts, the natural type. 

 Dvhala Rafinesque, Ich. Oh., 1820, p. 45. (No type mentioned; dohul 



understood. ) 

 Leucisats Rafinesque, Tcli. Oh., 1.S20, p. 45. (No type mentioned; Jmrisc 



understood. ) 

 Leucmus Aciassiz, Mem. Soe. Sci. Nat. Neufcliiltel, 1835, p. 38 {leuciseuH), (not' 



LeueiscuK Heckel, and of Gvinther, whicli is Eiiilliis of Rafinesque, the tyjte 



being rutilus) . 

 Sqwtlms Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1837, p. 6 {tyberimts) . 

 Leuciscus Bon Av ARTE, Fauna Itahca, 1837, p. 6 {argenteus-lenciscus). 

 Telcsles Bonaparte, Fauna Italica, 1837, p. 6 {tnuticellus). 

 Cephalus Bonaparte, Catol. Metod., 1846, p. 39 {cephalus; no diagnosis). 

 Microlepia Bonaparte, Catol. Metod., 1846, p. 39 {turskyi; no diagnosis). 

 Richardsonius GiRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 201 {halteatus). 

 Tigoma Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 205 [pulcheUa). 

 Clu'onda (Jirard, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 207 {cooperi). 

 Sihoma Girard, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 208 {crassicauda) . 

 ClinostomuH Girard, Proc. Ac. Sci. Phila,, 1856, p. 211 {elongatus). 

 Proioporus Cope, Hayden's Geol. Surv. Montana for 1871, 1872, p. 473 



[domninus). 



Bod}^ oblong, compressed or robust. Head moderate; mouth usually 

 large and terminal; lips normal; no barbels; teeth 5, 2 — 2, 4, usually 

 5, 2 — 2, 5 in the European types, hooked and with rather narrow grind- 

 ing surface or none. Intestine short. Scales moderate or small. 

 Dorsal posterior, usually behind ventrals; anal basis short or more 

 or less elongate; caudal emarginate. Lateral line decurved, complete 

 or variously imperfect. Size generally large, some species ver}' 

 small. A very large group, one of the largest current genera in 

 ichthyology, represented by numerous species in the rivers of Europe, 

 Asia, and North America. 



The Japanese species belong to the typical subgenus, Leuciscus. 



{XsvKos, white.) 



a Caudal peduncle not very stout, its least depth not two-thirds the head; scales not 

 closely imbricated; dorsal usually inserted behind- ventrals. 

 b Scales large, 35 to 45. 



c Scales about 38 japonicus, 21 . 



a; Scales 45 cxrulesroix, L'L'. 



bb Scales small, 60 to 100. 

 d Scales 60 to 66. 



(' Snout 3 J in head. Sides nearly plain silvery phalacrocora.r, 23. 



dd Scales 70 to 78 hakuensis, 24. 



ddd Scales 80 to 95 taczanowskii, 25. , 



an Caudal peduncle very deep and compressed, its least depth nearly equal to the 

 depth of head. Dorsal inserted behind ventrals, much nearer base of caudal 

 than tip of snout; scales loosely imbricated, 63 to 72; sides of body mottled 

 with darker scales. 



/ Snout 35 in head : teeth 2, 5 — 1, 2 Jouyi, 26. 



1 



