NO. i3or,. JAPANESE BERYCOII) FISHES— JORDAN AND FOULER. VS 



6. HOLOCENTRUS (Artedi) Scopoli. 



Holorentrinn Aktedi, Seba, III, about 1738, iionl)iiioiiual [nihrnm). 

 Holorcntriis ihio^iow, Zoophyl, 1763, p. 65 {rostralus, iionl)inoiiiialj . 

 HolocenOirns (Gkonow) Scopoli, Int. Hist. Nat., 1777, \^. 449 (misprint). 

 Holocentnix'Ri.ovH, Iclithyol., IV, 1790, p. 61 (sogo). 

 Rhynchiclitliijs CrviKu and Valenxiennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 1831, j>. 503 



{pekunidls; young). 

 Rhinobery.v Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, ji. 237 (braclii/rlii/iiclnis; 



young; scales said to be 25; may represent a distinct genus). 

 Hulocentrum of authors generally. 



Bod}' oblong-, luodenitely compressed, the ventral outline nearly 

 straig-ht, the back a little elevated, the tail very slender. Head com- 

 pressed, narrowed forward. Operculum with a strong spine aljova\ 

 below which the edge is sharpl}' serrated; a strong spine at the angle 

 of preopercle. Orbital ring, preorbital, preopercle, interopercle, sub- 

 opercle, occiput, and shoulder girdle with their edges sharply serrate. 

 Mouth small, terminal, the maxillary not extending to the middle of 

 eye; the lower jaw projecting in the adult; in the young (which con- 

 stitute the supposed genera Rh)/ncJtle]ttJnjs and Hfilvohenj.r) the snout 

 is much produced. Maxillary broad, striate, with a supplemental 

 bone. Eye excessively large. Scales moderate, closely imbricated, 

 the posterior margin strongly spinous. Lateral line continuous. 

 Dorsal deeply emarginate, the spines usually 11. depressible in a 

 groove; soft dorsal short and high; anal with 4 spines, the first and 

 second quite small, the third ^ery long and strong-, the fourth smaller; 

 caudal widely forked; both lobes with the rudimentar}- rays spine- 

 like; ventrals large, I. T, the spine very strong. Species inuuerous, 

 remarkable for the development of sharp spines almost every where on 

 the surface of the bod}-. 



{oXog.^ whole; Kkvrpov^ spine; spinous all over.) 



ft. Scales 36 to 37. 



h. Color red, striped with white; spinous dorsal plain sinnosissimus, 7. 



bb. Color red, striped with black; spinous dorsal with Ijlack blotches, .alboruber, 8. 



cm. Scales 48; color red, striped with darker; base of pectoral and tips of caudal 



black ittodai, 9. 



7. HOLOCENTRUS SPINOSISSIMUS Schlegel. 



ITTODAI (NUMBER ONE PERCH). 



Holorcntrns ^pino!^l.<i.'<imt(s Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1847, ]>. 22, pi. viii. A; Naga- 

 ."aki. — GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish., I, 1859, p. 41 (copied). 



Head, 2f; depth, 2f; D., XI, 18; A., IV, D; P., I, 13; V., 1, 7. 

 Scales 8-37 or 8S-(). Body rather long, compressed, and covered with 

 large, striated scales, rather rough to the touch. Head compressed, 

 and the upper profile somewhat convex; eye large, its posterior margin 

 nearer the gill-opening than the tip of the snout, 2f in the head and equal 



