164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



VOL. XXVI. 



seven segmented, somewhat separated at their base and rather thick 

 for their length; color darker than that of the body, often nearly 

 black; segmentation beyond fourth segment more distinct than in 

 immature larva; first four segments subequal in thickness, and third 

 iiiid fourth nearly equal in length, and each as long as the first and 

 second segments together; last three segments much smaller; fifth 

 shortest. Spines arranged much as in younger stage; third segment 

 distinctly ringed and without setge. Each segment, except last two, 

 bears short spines which are slightly thickened at their extremities, 

 and arranged as in the young larva; spines on last two segments long 

 and acute. Integument of body roughened by transverse rows of 

 clearlv defined ridges. Body marked by dorsal and lateral longitudinal 

 stripes of yellow which are most distinct upon thorax; dorsal stripe 



widest. 



p,,j)((, — Its general form resembles that of the larva; color of legs, 

 wing pads, and antenna clear white; thorax and abdomen very light 

 yellow; eyes bright red. When the pupal stage is first entered the 

 antenna' are apparently three or four segmented, much shortened, and 

 directed forward as in the larva; but after a few hours they are laid 

 back upon the head and thorax. Wing sheaths short and developed 

 outside of the body; legs thick and clumsy. Upon dorsal side of 

 ninth segment, near posterior margin, are four prominent, stout, 

 recurved, hook-like processes; abdominal setaB slender and acute. 

 Wing sheaths finally extend to the sixth segment and fore pair bear 

 a few small spines. 



Life history. — About 98 per cent of the adults which hibernate are 

 of the short-winged form, while from 90 to 95 per cent of the first 

 generation in the spring develop long wings, and this form predomi- 

 nates until late summer, when the proportion declines, and in October 

 only a small number of winged adults can be found. The females 

 continue to deposit eggs and the 3'oung larva? develop and may be 

 taken from the grass upon warm fall days till snow covers the ground; 

 but so far as I can find, only the adults survive the winter. Hiber- 

 nating females do not appear to suti'er from exposure to a temperature 

 of —21" F., and they may be brought in at anj^ time during the winter 

 by pulling a few handfuls of grass from infested fields and bringing 

 it into a w^arm room, where the little animals will very soon become 

 lively and begin to crawl. Accidentally it was found that they could 

 survive for several days though completel}^ submerged in a weak solu- 

 tion of potassium hydrate, and they have been found to revive after 

 being frozen solid in a 2 per cent solution of the same; but so far as 

 my experiments went, freezing in pure water killed them. The females 

 become active very early in the spring and the development of eggs 

 begins. As man}^ as eight apparently fully developed eggs have been 

 seen at one time in the body of one of these hibernated females. Ovipo- 



