i 



Wiaio. NORTH AMERICAN THYSANOPTERA— HINDS. 187 



notuii) usually bears around its outer portion a number of conspicuous, 

 lon<^" spines. The fore femora are fretjuently oivatly cnlaro-ed, and 

 ■\vhen this is the case there will be found upon tlu> tore tarsus a more 

 or less stout tooth or hook. In most species the femoia and tarsal 

 teeth are larj^vr in the males than in the females. The j)t(>rothorax is 

 very compact and nearly- rectangular in outline. The wings, which 

 arc usually present, are all very similar in form, venation, etc. They 

 are either (juite slender throughout or somewdiat constricted near the 

 middle, and are rounded at the tips. They have almost no ^eins, (here 

 being no ring or cross veins, and only one partially developed median 

 vein in each wing. Along the margins of each wing there is born(^ a 

 long, slender fringe, which is single except near the outer end of the 

 hind margin of the fore wing, where it is double for a short distance. 

 The membrane of each wing lacks microscopic spines such as are 

 found upon tlie wings of Terebrantia. When brought to rest the 

 wings are laid back closely upon the middle of the abdomen, so that 

 they o^'erlap in their second halves. They are here held in place, and 

 the long, slender fringes confined by the rows of inwardly curved 

 spines which stand upon each side of the second to seventh segments. 

 In some species the wdngs are reduced to short, rounded pads, while 

 in others even these are wanting. 



The abdomen is very similar in both sexes, except that in the male 

 it is usually more slender, especially through the sixth, seventh, and 

 eighth segments. The female has no ovipositor. The sexual opening 

 is between the ninth and tenth segments in both males and females. 

 The last segment is a simple tul)e in ])otli sexes and at its base, beneath, 

 are found the distinctive sexual characters. The female is distin- 

 guished by a short, strongly chitinized rod upon the ninth segment 

 near the l)ase of the tube which is regidar and entire. The male is 

 distinguished l)y a semicircular notch in the ])ase of the underside 

 of the tu))e. providing an opening for the protrusion of the copulatory 

 apparatus which is wholly retracted into the ninth segment. In many 

 species the abdomen is somewhat flattened dorso-ventrally so that a 

 cross section is elliptical in outline. 



Tubuliferans live usualh' in secluded places, as between the parts of 

 composite flowers, under the bark of trees, on the underside of foliage, 

 in galls, moss, turf, fungi, etc. Their movements are very deliberate 

 and the}' never run or spring. 



SYNOPSIS OF PHLCEOTHKIPID/E. 



(-Body slender, head more than one and one-haU' tiniey as long as wide 8 



1 - Body more or less thickened, head less than one and one-half times as 



'^ long as wide 2 



2 ' Breadth of abdomen of female nearly or (juite one-half its length o 



^ Breadth of al)domen of female not nearly equal to one-half its length 4 



o j Head broadly munded in front, cheeks without warts Trichothrips [\^. 191) 



•- Head narrowed in front Eunjtlmps (p. 202) 



