NO. 1313. LOWER DEVONIC OF MARYLAND— SCHUCHERT. 417 



and, rareh', in Palxaspii^. The Pennsylvania Salina unites the deposits 

 of New York with those of Maryland and the Virg-inias. 



Manlius formation. — -This formation has in Maryland a thickness of 

 about 110 feet and consists, as a rule, of thin-bedded, impure limestones, 

 which in the lower third are more shale than limestone. It should be 

 said in this connection that there is no natural line or lithologic differ- 

 ence bv which the Manlius can be separated from the Salina below or 

 from the Coeymans above. The sequence of deposition is here con- 

 tinuous, and there was no marked physical event in the Cumberland 

 Basin to cause a change in the lithology at this time. Our line of sep- 

 aration is therefore somewhat arbitrary, and is based on the first 

 abundant occurrence of fossils of the tj^pe of the New York Manlius, 

 a criterion of unequal value in different places. The earh' abundance 

 of life in this horizon recalls the '"''Coi'alline limestone" fauna of New 

 York, and it soon is blended with the Bryozoa and cystid faima found 

 a little hig-her in the lower third of the Manlius. 



At Pinto, Maryland, near the base of the Manlius, occurs a great 

 abundance of Cladoj>ora rectilitieata Simpson, one of the guiding fos- 

 sils for these beds. It is also found at Cash Valley, near Cumberland, 

 at about the same zone, where occasionally are ol)tained Acervulmna{f) 

 inseqnalh Hall, Ilalysite.s, and Oho7ietes jersey ensis^ three of the leading 

 fossils of the " Coralline limestone" of Schoharie, New York. At this 

 locality Sp'irifer octoeostatus, NucleoHpira cf. ventricosa^ and Rhyncho- 

 neJJa approaching R. cwnpljeUana are likewise found. 



Near the middle of the Manlius there is a zone of hard, massive, 

 dark blue limestone, well shown near the Market street bridge, in the 

 city of (\imberland. It was from this place and horizon that Mr. 

 Andrews collected some of his "Lower Helderberg" fossils, which 

 were described as such by Hall. The}^ are Merista tyjM^ M. camura., 

 Splrlfer niodestux., S. octocosiatus, and Stroj)hone7Ja geniculata. None 

 of these species are known to occur outside of the Manlius, and they 

 must therefore be eliminated from the Helderbergian as now restricted, 

 which begins with the next formation or Coeymans. The exact locality 

 of the t3'pe specimen of Sj^hxroajstltes multifasciatus is not known, 

 but it could have been found only in the Manlius horizon about 

 Cumberland. 



In the ballast quarries of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, near 

 Keyser, West Virginia,^' ma}^ be seen to good advantage an extended 

 section not only of the Manlius and about 100 feet of the Salina, but 

 also of the entire Coeymans and New Scotland formations. The 

 lowest zone {!/) does not yield the corals of the "Coralline" horizon, 



« It is reported that this railroad had spent upward of $2,000,000 in this quarry 

 tluring the past three yearn. Tlie great amount of work thus represented has made 

 it possible to gather a new and unique Manlius fauna. 



Proc. N. M. vol. xxvi— 02 29 



