418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxvi. 



but the brachiopods associated with them, ^and mentioned above, 

 occur here. 



Zone 4^ is the most interesting fuunally, and is marked l)y a great 

 abundance of the cystid Sj}ha'roci/f<tt'te.s iitulflfaschifiis. Associated 

 with this species, but as a rule far less abundant, occur ten new 

 species of cystids, several new crinoids, Sjpirifer modestus and S. va- 

 nvxenil in profusion, Bhynchot/rema formosa, and many other forms. 

 Immediately above (46') occur numerous, fine specimens of that little- 

 imderstood fossil Cainarocrimm ; also Calymene cainerata and Tenta- 

 cnlites gyracanthux. Then comes a zone with anew form of (ryphhda 

 near G. galeata. 



The Manlius may also be studied to advantage at the Devil's Back 

 Bone near Cumberland. At this point the formation is less shal}', 

 with more pure dark ])luc limestone, and the fauna is somewhat 

 difi'erent because the fossils are derived from slightly different 

 horizons than at the Keyser quarries. For the sake of completeness 

 the Manlius part of the section is here given: 



D. B. B. a. Thin-bedded shaly limestone abounding in Bryozoa of the genera 

 Fcnestdla, Pobjpora, Ptilodictya, Orthopora, Drymotnjpa, Sticfoporhia, Batostomella, 

 and Liodema; also OrtJiothefes deformis, Rhynchotrevia formosa, and very rarely 

 Sphwroeystites muliifasciatus 32 feet. 



D. B. B. b. Massive hard dark blue liniestyne, the upper 7 feet abounding in a 

 new form of Gypidula. Just below this horizon are found Merista typa, Spirifer 

 modestus, S. vanuxemi, Strophonella geniculata, Orfltothetes deformis, and rarely 

 Tentacidiies yyracantlius 26 feet. 



D. B. B. c. Thin-bedded limestone with slender Bryozoa of the genus Orthopora and 



rarely a Camarocrinus 32 feet. 



About 20 feet more of the beds below are regarded as Manlius. 



From this it is seen that the faunulie of the Manlius are not constant 

 even within so small an area as 2.5 miles around Cumberland. For 

 instance, at Kej^ser, West Virginia, the lower third swarms with cys- 

 tids, while elsewhere these fossils are very rare. At the Devil's Back 

 Bone there is a bed 7 feet thick aboiuiding in a Gyjndula of small 

 size. At Keyser this form is found higher up and has increased in 

 size, while near Pinto it is found still higher and has developed into 

 the almost typical Gypidula g<deata of the Coeymans. As a rule, 

 Stromatopora does not develop abundantly in the Manlius, and yet 

 near Hyndman, Pennsylvania, just over the Maryland line, there is a 

 bed 5 feet thick composed of this form (see section on p. 419). Gen- 

 erally, however, most of the fossils occur in a restricted zone, and the 

 difference in the faunulte is probably due to the greater local develop- 

 ment of certain groups, as the Cystidea, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and, 

 more rarel}^, Stromatopora. 



Coeymmis limestone. — This formation throughout Maryland is fairly 

 constant in its lithologic aspect, being a purer, heavier bedded, and 

 tougher limestone than the Manlius. Faunally it is, as a rule, easily 

 recognized by the Stromatojyom beds, which weather out as curly or 



