NO. 1319. SOME JAPANESE FISHES— JORDAN AND STARKS. 538 



leaping into the air. Size rattier small, rarely exceeding a foot in 

 length. The species are closely related to the flying fishes, and the 

 two families apparently closely intergrade. 



a. Lower jaw acute, longer than upper, or more or lees produced; teeth small; species 

 oviparous, the anal fin in the male not modified, the caudal lin unequally lunate. 

 b. Lower jaw produced in a long, pointed beak, usually longer than rest of head. 

 Body moderately compressed; pectorals moderate; shore fishes, 

 c. Air bladder simple; sides of body more or less convex; ventrals inserted ante- 

 riorly, far in advance of dorsal Hyporhamphus, 2. 



2. HYPORHAMPHUS Gill. 



Hyporhamphus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 131, {trlcuspidatus= 

 unifasciat'us) . 



Body elongate, moderately compressed, the sides of body not ver- 

 tical, but more or less convex; the dorsal outline parallel with that of 

 the belly. Upper jaw short; lower jaw prolonged into a slender beak, 

 bordered with membrane; this beak shorter in the young; premaxil- 

 laries forming a triangular plate, the teeth of which fit against the 

 toothed portion of the mandible; maxillaries joined to premaxillaries. 

 Teeth feeble, mostly tricuspid. Gill rakers rather long. Head cov- 

 ered above with large, shield-like scales. Scales large, deciduous. 

 No finlets; caudal fin more or less forked, the lower lobe the longer; 

 dorsal and anal similar, opposite each other, not modified in the males; 

 last ray of dorsal usually short; ventrals small, inserted well forward, 

 nearly midwa}" between opercle and base of caudal. Oviparous. Air 

 bladder large, simple, not cellular. Young with the lower jaw short. 

 Sides usually with a distinct silvery band, as in Atherina. Species 

 numerous in all warm seas, going in large schools, but usuallv I'e- 

 maining near shore, feeding chiefly on green alg». Size comparatively 

 small. 



(vTto, below; p'a/j.(f)og^ beak.) 



a. Front of anal not behind front of dorsal. 



b. Anal and dorsal opposite each other; scales 106 xajori, 5. 



bb. Anal slightly iji advance of dorsal; scales 70 hirumeus, 6. 



aa. Front of anal under middle of dorsal japonicus, 7. 



5. HYPORHAMPHUS SAJORI (Schlegel). 



SAYORl. 



Hemiramphus sajorl Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1846, p. 246, pi. ex, fig. 2; 

 Nagasaki.— Bleekek, Verb. Bat. Gen., 1853, XXV; Jai)an, p. 1 16; Nagasaki. — 

 GtJNTHEE, Cat. -Fish., VI, 1866, p. 265 (copied).— Steindachner and Doder- 

 LEiN, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 38; Tokyo.— Ishikawa, Prel. Cat., 1897, 

 p. 18; Tokyo, Toshima. 



Hemiramphus occipitalis Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 148; young 

 specimen from Shimoda. 



Head from tip of upper jaw 4f in length; depth 12. Dorsal 16; 

 anal 17; scales 106. Eye 2 in postorbital part of head. 



