N0.132J. ELASMOBRANCIIIATE FISHES— JORDAN AND FOWLER. (U9 



jin all warm seas; occasionally northward to California, Massachusetts, 

 .and France, rather common in Japan, as far northward as Tokyo. 

 Our specimens from Nagasaki, Misaki, and Wakanoura. The species 

 I needs comparison with the Hanmier-head shark of Atlantic^ 

 {Zvyaiva^ Zygsena^ the ancient name, from Cxjyov^ yoke.) 



Family VIII. ALOPIID^. 



THRESHER SHARKS. 



Body moderately elongate, the snout rather short; mouth crescent- 

 shaped; teeth eciual in both jaws, moderate sized, flat, triangular, not 

 serrated; the third tooth of the upper jaw on each side nmch smaller 

 than the others; gill -openings moderate, the last one above the root of 

 the pectorals; no nictitating membrane; spiracdes just behind eye, 

 minute or absent; tirst dorsal large, midway between pectorals and 

 ventrals; second dorsal and anal very small; caudal hn exceedingly 

 long, about as long as the rest of the body, a pit at its root, a notch 

 on the upper lobe near its tip; lower lobe moderately developed; no 

 caudal keel; ventrals rather large; pectorals very large, falcate. A 

 single species, reaching a large size, inhabiting most seas, known at 

 once by the great length of the tail. 



16. ALOPIAS Rafinesque. 



Alopias Rafinesque, Caratteri di Alcuni Generi, 1810, p. 12 {macrourun=rulpes) . 

 Alojjecias Muller and Henle, Plagiostomeii, 1838, p. 74 (amended orthography) . 



The characters of the genus are included above. 

 {aXaoTtos^ a fox; Latin, vulpes. A. vidpes was known to the ancients 

 as aXco7t€Kiag^ fox-like.) 



i8. ALOPIAS VULPES (Gmelin). 



ONAGAZAME (LON(t-TAILED SHARK); NADEBUKA (SMOOTH SHARK); 

 NEZUMEZAME (RAT-TAILED SHARK). 



Squalus vulpes GmeUn, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 149H; Mediterranean (after 

 Pennant). 



Carcharivs vulpes De Kay, New York Fauna, IV, Fishes, 1842, p. 348, pi. lxi, 

 fig. 199. 



Alopias vulpes Dumeril, Elasmobr. I, 1865, j). 421. — Day, Fishes of India, Supple- 

 ment, 1888, p. 810. — Jordan and Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, p. 27. — Jordan and 

 EvERMANN, Fish. North and Middle America, I, 1896, p. 45. 



Alopecias vulpes GtJNXHER, Cat. Fish., VIII, 1870, p. 393. 



Squalus vulpinus Bonnaterre, Tableau Encycl. Ichthy., 1788, p. 9; Mediterranean 

 (after Pennant). 



Alopias macrourus Rafinesque, Garatteri di Alcuni Generi, 1810, p. 12; Sicily, 



Squalus alopecias Gronow, Cat. Fishes, 1854, p. 7. 

 Body fusiform, cylindrical, thickest ])efore dorsal fln; back regu- 

 larly arched from above pectorals to end of snout, and gradually 

 [decreasing in size posteriorly to caudal. Head short, bluntly conical; 



