AUT. 13 TREMATODE PARASITES OF MAEINE MAMMALS PRICE O 



Location. — Bile ducts for marine mammals, and usually for other 

 animals. 



Distribution. — Europe (for B. acutorostrata and Orcinus orca). 



Remarks. — The description of Fasciola hepatica given here is based 

 upon a carmine-stained toto mount, which Dr. C. W. Stiles kindly 

 loaned the writer for study, it being one of the specimens referred 

 to below. Aside from a few slight differences, such as body size and 

 a slightly smaller ^gg, this fluke so closely resembles F. hepatica from 

 ruminants that it must be regarded as the same species. 



There appear to be only two records of Fasciola Jiepatica from 

 marine mammals. Stiles and Hassall (1894) record this species 

 from Orca gladiator., and later Stiles (1894, p. 302) states : " Leuckart 

 once gave me two s]:)ecimens of a fluke, which I still have in my 

 possession, labeled ' Leber, Schwert-fisch.' I am unable to distin- 

 guish this fluke from Fasciola hepatica. I assume that this ' Schwert 

 fish ' is Orca gladiator rather than Xiphias gladius., as all the other 

 hosts of F. hcpatica are mammals." Odhner (1905) notes that he 

 found a fragment of F. hepatica in a vial labeled " Distoma goliath 

 van Ben.," in the Kopenhagen Museum. Odhner believed that this 

 was a case of mislabeling and regarded it as unthinkable that a 

 whale could have become infested with this fluke. 



The two records cited above may have been the result of mislabel- 

 ing, but if so it is quite remarkable that two such instances should 

 have occurred in which the hosts cited were cetaceans. 



Subfamily Campulinae Stunkard and Alvey, 1930 



Synonym.. — Brachycladiinae Odhner, 1910c, p. 165. 



Suh family diagnosis. — Fasciolidae : Elongated, medium-sized to 

 very large flukes; body relatively narrow and thick. Cuticle armed 

 with relatively large, pointed spines. Suckers close together in 

 some genera and rather widely separated in others. Digestive sys- 

 tem H shaped, except in Odhnericlla; anterior ceca short; posterior 

 ceca long, sinuous and extending to posterior end of body; divertic- 

 ula, when present, are both median and lateral. Excretory vesicle 

 tubelike, without lateral branches. Genital aperture preacetabular; 

 cirrus pouch frequently extends far caudad of acetabulum; cirrus 

 armed or unarmed. Testes slightly or deeply lobed, or smooth, 

 tandem in position, and situated not far caudad of ovary. Ovary 

 smooth or slightly lobed ; seminal receptacle much reduced in size or 

 absent; Laurer's canal present. Vitellaria well developed. Uterus 

 with relatively few loops; vagina with or without spines. Eggs 

 with thickened posterior pole, usually triangular in cross section. 

 Parasites of marine mammals. 



Type genus. — Campula Cobbold, 1858. 



