34 BULLETIN 104, UNITED .STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Description. — Test free or attached, single (vlianiberetl, usually 

 spherical, no defhiite aperture, the pseudopodia making their way 

 out through the mterstitial openings between the elements of the 

 test; wall of sand grains, mica flakes, sponge spicules, or other foram- 

 iniferal tests firmly cemented. 



The selective power shown by the various species of this genus 

 are of great interest. P. fusca using sand grains, P. howmanni making 

 its test of mica flakes, P. rustica of sponge spicules, and P. testacea 

 using other foraminiferal tests to construct its own. The selecting 

 by a single-cr>lled organism is all tlie more remarkable. 



PSAMMOSPHARRA FUSCA F. E. Schulze. 



Plate 18. figs. 1-fi; ]>late 14. figs. 1-3. 



Fsummosphaem fusca F. E. Schulze. II Jahr. Comni. Wias. IJnt. deutKch. ^leor 

 in Kiel, 1875, p. 113, pi. 2, figs. 8a-/.— H. B. BRAny, Rep. Voy. Chidlmger, 

 Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 249, pi. 18, figs. 1, 5-8 (not 2-4).— H. B. Brady, 

 Parker, and Jones, Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. 12, 1888, p. 217. — Goes, Kongl. 

 Svensk. Vet. Akad. Hand!., vol. 25, No. 9, 1894, p. 14, pi. ?,, fig. 19.— Chap- 

 man, Pioc. Zool. Soc. London, 1895, p. 13. — Flint, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 1897 (1899), p. 268, pi. 8. fig. 1.— Millett. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. 1899. p. 

 251. — Rhumbler, Arch. Prot., vol. 3, 1903, p. 242. fig. 75 (in text). — Side- 

 bottom, Mem. and Proc. Manchester Lit. and Philos. Soc., vol. 49. No. 5, 

 1905, p. 1, pi. ], fig. 1. — Heron-Allen and Earl.\nd. Joinn. Quekett Micr. 

 Club, ser. 2, vol. 10, 1909, pi. .33, fig. 3.— Cushman, Bull. 71. IT. S. Nat. Mue., 

 pt. 1, 1910, p. 36, figs. 25-28 (in text).— Awerinzew, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. 

 St. Petersburg, ser. 8, vol. 29, No. 3, 1911, p. 7. — Heron-Allen and Earland, 

 Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 40: Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 

 1913, p. 16, pi. 2, figs. 3-6, 10-16.— Pearcey, Trans. Roy. Soc Edinburgh, 

 vol. 49, 1914, p. 1000. — Heron-Allen and Earland, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. 

 20, 1915, p. 609: Trans. Linn. Soc Ivondon. vol. 11. 19J6. p. 219. 



Description. — Test free in larger specimens or attached to pebbles or 

 other larger material, generall}^ subspherical, wall single chambered, 

 of a single layer of rather coarse sand grains, exterior rough, interior 

 more smoothl}^ finished, cement gray or yellowish brown: no definite 

 apei'tures. 



Diameter, uj) to 4 mm. 



Distribution. — From the records this species is very widel}^ dis- 

 tributed; usuaUy, it seems, in cooler waters, although Heron-Allen 

 and Earland record it from the Kerimba Arcliipelago in shallow 

 warm waters. The type station is Hougesund. Norway, 120 fathoms, 

 and it is known from various stations about the British Isles and North 

 Sea. On tlie western side it is recorded off Havana, Cuba, by Flint, 

 and off the Carolina coast. Tn (lie Albatross' and other material it 

 has occurred at numerous slatioiis from Nova Scotia to (\ipe Hatteras 

 with peculiar black, free sj)ecimens ofl' the Caroliua coast as noted by 

 Flint from the same material. 



In shallow water both on our coasts and the European side it 

 tends to an attached form, while in deeper water it is more often 



