FORAMINIFERA OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN. 87 



Description. — Test attached, with an expanded basal portion, 

 and a columnar erect portion either simple or branched, wall arena- 

 ceous, usually with numerous included sponge spicules especially 

 near the tips of the arms or the apertural end of the single chambered 

 species; aperture at the free end of the chamber or at the ends of 

 the branches, partially obscured by the irregular clustering of spicules. 



There are several species -with very distinct characters. 



HALIPHVSEMA TUMANOWICZII Bowerbank. 



Plate 33, figs. 1, 2. 



Haliphysema tumanowiczii Bowerbank, Philos. Tmns., 1862, p. 1105, pi. 73, 

 fig. 3; Monogr. British Sponges, vol. 1, 1864, pi. 30, fig. 359; vol. 2, 1866, 

 p. 76. — E. 0. Schmidt, .Spongien Adriat. Meeres, Suppl. II, 1866, p. 13, 

 fig. 13. — Haeckel, Jena Zeitschr., vol. 11, 1877, p. 192. — Norman, Ann. 

 Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, 1878, p. 274.— Kent, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 

 ser. 5, vol. 2, 1878, p. 68, pis. 4, 5. — Lankester, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., 

 vol. 19, 1879, p. 476, pi. 22, figs. 1-11.— Norman, in Bowerbank, British 

 Sponges, vol. 4, 1882, p. 33. — H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, 

 vol. 9, 1884, p. 281, pi. 27A, figs. 4, 5.— Duerden, Irish Nat., vol. 3, No. 11, 

 1894, p. 231.— Rhumbler, Arch. Prot., vol. 3, 1903, p. 267, fig. 112 (in text).— 

 Heron-Allen and Earland, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, 

 p. 42; Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. 20, 1915, p. 611; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 

 vol. 11, pt. 13, 1916, p. 222; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1916, p. 40. 



SquamuUna scapula Carter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 5, 1870, p. 310, 

 pi. 4; vol. 20, 1877, p. 337; ser. 5, vol. 1, 1878, p. 172; vol. 3, 1879, p. 407 — 

 Kent, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, 1878, p. 1. 



The original description was as folloAvs: 



Test consisting of an unbranched tubular cohnuu springing from an adherent disk. 

 Disk convex, spuriously segmented; column straight or variously contorted, narrow 

 at the base, and gradually increasing in diameter toward the distal end, which is 

 either broad and rounded, or takes the form of an inflated or bulbous capitulum. 

 Walls thin, arenaceous, more or less beset vnih sponge spicules, especially at the 

 distal end . 



Length, about one-twentieth of an inch (1.3 mm.). 



Distribution. — Shallow water along coasts seems to be the ideal 

 habitat for this species, 25 fathoms seeming to be the deepest record. 

 There are man}^ records of its occurrence about the British Isles 

 and also off Bergen, Norway. Moebius records it from Mauritius 

 and Heron-AUen and Earland from the Kerimba Archipelago off 

 southeastern Africa. There are no records for the western Atlantic. 

 Heron-^Ulen and Earland make the following remark, wliich prob- 

 ably accounts for its not being oftener recorded: "The species is 

 probably of world-wirlo distribution, though the records are scanty, 

 owing to its parasitic habit of growth and extreme friability." 



In the material from Albatross station D2150, in 382 fathoms, in 

 the Caribbean Sea (13° 34' 45" N.; 81° 21' 10" W.) (United States 

 National Museum No. 9682), there is a single specimen rather low 

 but with a cylindrical shape, broad base, and the upper portion 



