ORIGIN OF THE STING. 



165 



Ganin shows 



three pairs of abdominal tubercles destined to form the sting; 

 I, rudiments of the legs ; fk, portion of the fatty body ; at, rudi- 

 ments of the antennjE ; fl, imaginal dislvs, or rudiments of the 

 wings). No tracheae are developed in the larva, nor do any exist 

 in the imago. (Ganin thinlcs, that as these insects are some- 

 what aquatic, the adult insects flying over the surface of the 

 water, the wings may act as respiratory organs, like gills.) It 

 lives six to seven days before pupating, and remains from ten 

 to twelve days in the pupa state. 

 The origin of the stiug is clearly ascertained. 



that it consists 



at 



of three pairs of 

 tubercles, situ- 

 ated r e s p e c - 

 lively on the 

 seventh, eighth, 

 and ninth seg- 

 tnents of the ab- 

 domen (Fig. 196, 

 tg). The labium 

 is not developed 

 from a pair of 

 tubercles, as is 

 usual, but at 

 once appears as 

 an unpaired, or 

 single organ. 

 The pupa state 

 lasts for five or 

 six days, and 



when the imago appears it eats its way through a small round 

 opening in the end of the slcin of its host, the Agrion larva. 

 The development of Ophioneurus, another egg-parasite, agrees 

 with that of Platygaster and Polynema. This egg-parasite passes 

 Its early life in the eggs of Pieris brassier, and two or three 

 live to reach the imago state, though about, six eggs are depos- 

 ited by the female. The eggs are oval, and not stalked. The 

 larva is at first of the form indicated by figure 197 E, and when 

 fully grown becomes of a broad oval form, the body not being 

 divided into segments. It differs from the genera already men- 

 tioned, in remaining within its egg membrane, and not assuming 



197. Development of Egg-parasites. 



