200 



PROTECTIVE SIMULATION. 



brown with strong sepia bands and margins, and the fore- 

 wings are in all cases marked with spots and bands of clear 

 pale yellow (Fig. 6). In Bolivia and the upper Amazons 

 there is another series entirely unlike either of those 

 already described. The prevailing colour is black with 

 clear lemon-yellow spots on the forewings, the hind wings 

 being strongly marked with bright crimson radiating lines ; 

 the group being a handsome and conspicuous one. Four 

 of these butterflies belong to the Heliconina; and the last to 

 the NyinphalincE (Fig. 7). An even more remarkable group 



Fig. 7. Four Heliconin.e and Ona (No. 5) Nymphalid, from Bolivia. 

 I. Heliconhis venestus. 2. Heliconhis vesta. 



3. Eueides thales. 4- Eueides heliconides. 



5. Eresia corneha. 



is seen in Fig. 8 which illustrates eight simulating 

 butterflies from Brazil, each of which might very easily be 

 mistaken for any of the others if seen alone; yet all are of 

 different species and belong to three sub-families, including 

 the HelicoiiiuiC, Danaiiuv and Picriiue. 



Instances of multiple protection, due to resemblances 

 between inedible butterflies of different species and genera, 

 although so abundant in the neo-tropical regions are by no 

 means confined to that part of the world. In the eastern 

 hemisphere they are both numerous and diverse in 

 character. 



