190 



PROTECTIVE RESEMBLANCE. 



Fig. 4. Leaf Butterflies. Kallimn paralekta, shewing upper surface, in centre, 



surrounded by several species of Kallitiice and Doleschaltice with the wings folded 



and shewing leaf like markings of under surfaces. 



by being lost amongst its surroundings when at rest, the 

 deviations in markings and colours are often considerable, 

 and the variations in a single species are sometimes as 

 great as between members of different species.* 



*Variations are also found in numerous species of the inedible Dnnainw, Heliconina', 

 &c., and are repeatedly referred to by writers. Bates for instance says that Mechnnitis 

 polymnia " varies not only in general colour and pattern, but also very considerably in 

 '' the sliape of the wings," and again of Hflicoiiiiis iiumata " the species is so variable 

 " that it is difficult to find two examples exactly alike, it varies in structure as well as in 

 "colours." Wallace also desciibes Ceiathiin ninonia (illustrated in fig. 8, No. viii.)as 

 "another of those very mutable .species, exhibiting many local varieties," and Shelford 

 says " the females of Eurypus halithxivses are extremely variable, in fact no two 

 " specimens of the five series of this species in ' the Sarawak (Borneo) museum collection ' 

 "are exactly alike and almost every specimen deserves a varietal name ol its own. ' 

 " Ten distinct varieties are described '' writes Bates of Heliconius melpomene " all more 

 " or less connected by intermediate forms." 



