138 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 233 



p. 33; 1944b, pp. 17-18), however, kiiew of at least nine cases of 

 cowbird parasitism on the cardinal in Tennessee. 



In the 35 years since I first summarized the status of this bird as a 

 cowbird host, many dozens of additional records have come to notice; 

 however, in most areas from which there is sufficient information the 

 cardinal appears to be a relatively uncommon victim. Nevertheless, 

 the total mass of instances allows no general evaluation other than to 

 call this bird a regular and fairly common fosterer of the brown-headed 

 cowbird. 



All in all, about 75 records have been noted, distributed among the 

 following states: Ai'izona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida (Newman and 

 Warter 1959), Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, 

 Marjdand, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, 

 Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West 

 Virginia; and Ontario (Essex and York Counties) in Canada. These 

 records involve four races of the cardinal — cardinalis, canicauda, 

 swperha, magnirostris — and two races of the cowbird — ater and obscu- 

 rus. The cardinal is parasitized chiefly in the central portions of its 

 range. 



A curious item is recorded by Alexander Wilson (1810, p. 40), who 

 placed a nestling cowbird in a cage with a cardinal and found that 

 the latter fed and reared the young bird "with great tenderness." 



Pyrrhuloxia 



Pyrrhuloxia sinuata (Bonaparte) 



The pyrrhuloxia has been reported only six times to my knowledge 

 as a victim of the brown-headed cowbird. According to information 

 received from C. G. Abbott, a parasitized nest was found near Tucson, 

 Arizona, by N. K. Carpenter. Another case was observed at Guay- 

 mas, Sonora, on June 25, 1928, by Griffing Bancroft. Both of these 

 records refer to the r&ce fulvescens of the host (not sinuata as I noted, 

 1934, p. 107) and the race ohscurus of the parasite. Nye (in litt.) 

 discovered a nest five miles north of Raymondville, Willacy County, 

 Texas, on April 22, 1952, with 3 eggs of the pyrruloxia and 1 of the 

 dwarf brown-headed cowbird. In the files of the U.S. Fish and Wild- 

 fife Service, there are three additional Texas records: two parasitized 

 nests found at Somerset by A. J. lurn; and one, near San Antonio, 

 reported by R. W. Quillin. These Texas records refer to the nominate 

 race of the host. 



Rose-breasted Grosbeak 



Pheucticus ludovicianus (Linnaeus) 



This is a fairly frequent victim of the brown-headed cowbird. 

 Forty-three records have been noted, distributed from Saskatchewan, 

 Ontario, and Quebec, in Canada, to the following of the United States: 



