BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 439 



Range. — Northern Mexico (including Rio Grande Valley in Texas) 

 and southward to Peru and Ai'gentina; Jamaica, Grand Cayman, and 

 Grenada, only, in West Indies. (About twenty species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF LEPTOTILA. 



a. Ilindneck glossed with metallic purple, bronze, or green. 



h. Inner webs of remiges with, much of vinaceous-cinnamon or dull cinnamon- 

 rufous. 

 c. Forehead (extensively) and whole throat white. 

 d. Flanks and posterior portion of sides white, like abdomen and under tail- 

 coverts; outer webs of primaries grayish brown. 

 e. Larger (wing 146-162, tail 97-117); white tips to lateral retrices broader 



(Jamaica.) Leptotila jamaicensis (p. 441). 



ee. Smaller (wing 136-143, tail 86.5-97.5); white tips to lateral retrices 

 narrower. 

 /. Upper parts much darker and browner; chest much paler vinaceous. 



(Grand Cayman, south of Cuba.) Leptotila collaris (p. 443). 



ff. Uj^per parts much paler and grayer or more olivaceous; chest deeper 

 vinaceous. (St. Andrews Island, Caribbean Sea.) 



Leptotila neoxena (p. 444). 

 dd. Flanks and posterior portion of sides pale vinaceous, like chest; outer weba 

 of primarias rufescent brown (except diatally). (Yucatan.) 



Leptotila gaumeri (p.445). 

 cc. Forehead pale A-inaceous-grayish to pale wood V)rown or Ainaceous-buff. 

 {Leptotila vcrrcauxi.) 

 d. Inner webs of remiges dull cinnamon-rufous or \'inaceous-cinnamon for 

 greater part, this extending quite to shaft on basal portion. 

 e. Smaller (wing averaging less than 140 mm.); white tips to lateral rectrices 

 longer; occiput and hindneck without bluish gray; forehead paler. 

 /. Coloration much less brown, the upper parts grayish olive-brown (very 

 light snuff brown) to hair brown, the forehead, foreneck, and chest 

 more or less grayish pale vinaceous or pale vinaceoue-gray. 

 g. Upper parts more brownish (grayish olive-brown, rarely light snuff 

 brown); forehead and chest more vinaceous; under tail-coverts 

 « white or but little tinged with buff. (Venezuela and adjacent 

 islands, through eastern and central Colombia, Panama, and Costa 

 Rica to extreme southwestern Nicaragua.) 



Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi (p. 446). 

 gg. Upper parts more grayish (hair ])rown); forehead and chest more 

 gi'ayish; under tail-coverts usually strongly buffy. (Western Co- 

 lombia to northwestern Peru.) 



Leptotila verreauxi occidentalis (extralimital).« 



ff. Coloration much browner, the upper parts olive-brown to bister, the 



forehead, chest, etc., cinnamon-drab to fawn color. (Eastern Costa 



Bica.) Leptotila verreauxi riottei (p. 450). 



a Leptotila verreauxi occidentalis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mua. N. H., xxxi. Art. xvi, 

 July 23, 1912, 142 (San Antonio, alt. 6,600 ft., Western Andes, Cauca, Colombia; 

 coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.). Specimens from western Ecuador are appreciably darker 

 than those from western Colombia and Peru, which are, apparently, identical in 

 coloration. 



