BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 355 



decidedly shorter than middle toe, the claw of inner toe reaching to 

 base of that of middle toe, the outer toe slightly shorter; hallux 

 about as long as basal phalanx and half of second phalanx of middle 

 toe. 



Plumage and coloration. — Plumage and coloration almost precisely 

 as in Zenaidura. Plumage of head, neck, and under parts soft and 

 blended; bare orbital space moderately large, much broader beneath 

 eye; rectrices (except middle pair) with a broad post-median bar of 

 black, the apical portion cinnamon-rufous or pale gray, or nearly 

 white, in contrast with the darker gray or brown of basal portion; 

 a black subauricular spot, and black spots on proximal secondaries; 

 head, neck, and under parts more or less vinaceous or cinnamomeous, 

 and sides of neck glossed with metallic purple or bronze, especially 

 in adult males. 



Range. — West Indies (including Florida Keys), Yucatan, and 

 greater part of South America. (About nine species.) 



[Note. — If Zenaidura yucatanensis Lawrence should prove to be 

 reaUy a distinct species, and not a hybrid of Z. macroura and Zenaida 

 yucatanensis Salvadori, unquestionably Zenaida and Zenaidura can not 

 be separated generically, since the former is in every way exactly 

 intermediate between the two groups. In that case, Zenaidura 

 yucatanensis would become Zenaida yucatanensis, and hence Z. 

 yucatanensis Salvadori would require a new name, which I accord- 

 ingly suggest should be Zenaida zenaida salvadorii.] 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP ZENAIDA. 



a. Secondaries broadly tipped with white. 



b. General color brown above, more or less vinaceous below, 

 c. Posterior under parts (including under tail-coverts) vinaceous-fawn color or 

 vinaceous -brown, like anterior parts (the longer under tail-coverts some- 

 times partly gray). 

 d. Head, neck, and under parts not darker than vinaceous-fawn color; upper 

 parts much lighter brown. (Zenaida zenaida.) 

 e. Hindneck not grayish. 

 /. Color of head and neck duller (nearly fawn color). (Florida Keys, Ba- 

 hamas, Cuba, Isle of Pines, Little Cayman, Cayman Brae, Jamaica, 



and Haiti.) -. Zenaida zenaida zenaida (p. 357). 



ff. Color of head and neck brighter sayal brown or cinnamon. (Mona, 

 Porto Rico, Desechio, Culebra, Vieque, Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and 



St. Croix.) Zenaida zenaida lucida (p 361). 



ee. Hindneck distinctly grayish. (Coast of Yucatan.) 



Zenaida zenaida jrucatanensis (p. 362) 

 dd. Head, neck, and under parts deep russet; upper parts much darke. 



brown. (Grand Cayman Island.) Zenaida spadicea (p. 362). 



cc. Posterior under parts white, in conspicuous contrast with color of anterior por- 

 tions. (Lesser Antilles and St. Croix.) Zenaida aurita (p. 363). 



bb. General color bluish gray. (Jamaica; extinct.) Zenaida plumbea (p. 366). 



aa. Secondaries not tipped with white. 



