BUTTERFLIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 11 



from each other. The dark border on the hind wings is broad, and 

 the submarginal yellow lunules are small. Beneath there is little 

 light suffusion, and the line separating the dark border from the 

 yellow (or dark brown) inner portion of the wing is irregular. The 

 black inner or abdominal border of the hind wings above is very 

 narrow. There are at least six more or less well-marked and stable 

 varieties of the female ranging from cream color and ochreous to 

 black. 



We see in the yellow swallowtail as it occurs about Washington 

 precisely the same sequence of forms that occurs in the zebra swallow- 

 tail {Papilio ma/rcellus). The only difference between these two 

 insects is that throughout its range the zebra swallowtail has more 

 than one brood and consequently is nowhere represented by the early- 

 spring form alone. 



The blue swallowtail {PapUio philenor) also exhibits exactly the 

 same phenomenon. Early-spring individuals are very small, dull in 

 color with the submarginal light spots above enlarged, and with the 

 body clothed with long hair, which gives the insect a shaggy appear- 

 ance. Late-spring individuals are of about the same size, but they are 

 brighter in color with the light spots above less enlarged, and the 

 hair on the body is short. ^ 



Early-spring individuals of the blue swallowtail taken about Wash- 

 ington are indistinguishable from the California subspecies Imown 

 as Papilio philenor hirsutus. 



The introduced western orange clover butterfly {Colius eurytheme) 

 about Washington has three different forms, which, by analogy with 

 other species, we would assume to be an early-spring form (very 

 small, yellow faintly flushed with orange on the lower half of the 

 fore wings, with quite different habits from the others — ariadne), 

 a late-spring form (large and light orange — keewaydin), and a 

 summer form (large and deep orange with a bright violet iridescence 

 in the males — eurytheme or amphidusa) . The late-spring form 

 {keewaydin), however, is the first to appear, and the first brood 

 consists wholly of this form. In the second brood the summer form 

 {eu7njtheme) appears together with the other (keewaydin) ^ and what 

 should be the early-spring form {ariadne) does not appear until 

 later, being most frequent in late August and September, when the 

 other two forms {keewaydm and eurythenie) are both abundant. In 

 Texas ariadne appears first, then keeumydin, and later eurytheme, 

 just as the corresponding forms of C. philodioe do here ; but ariadne 

 and keewaydm appear in successive broods, not as earlier and later 

 individuals of the same brood as do the corresponding forms in 

 C. philodice. 



In addition to the group of butterflies just discussed there is an- 

 other group of species having two or more broods a year, with the 



