BUTTERFLIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 153 



of the Appalachians. Mr. Scudder wrote in 1889 that " east of the 

 Mississippi Valley it occurs sparingly and disappears entirely at the 

 Alleghenies with the few exceptions which we shall shortly note." 

 Further on he said that it had occasionally appeared east of the 

 Alleghenies, and listed the records. There was a single record for 

 Maryland, and it had been recorded at Newcastle, Del., and by Abbot 

 in Georgia. There were several records for New England, most of 

 them in the southern portion, but one from Bangor, Me. (See A. H. 

 Clark, Psyche, vol. 35, no. 4, p. 226, 1928.) 



When W. H. Edwards was living at Coalburg, in the Kanawha 

 Valley, in southern West Virginia, this butterfly was entirely un- 

 known in that region. 



In March, 1907 (Entomological News, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 97), C. S. 

 Brimley and Franklin Sherman, jr., wrote that it occurred in North 

 Carolina from the east-central portion (Raleigh) westward, flying 

 from the end of March to the end of October, while C . 'philodice 

 was generally distributed and abundant in the mountains, flying 

 from March to November. In a recent letter Mr. Brimley tells me 

 that C. ewrytJieme is common all over the State, and has been ever 

 since he began keeping records in 1900. He finds it hard, however, 

 to discriminate from C . pMlodice at times, and notes that while there 

 are more records of the latter, the North Carolina Department of 

 Agriculture has far more specimens of the former. 



So far as the records show this butterfly was unknown in North 

 Carolina up to 1889, but it was common in 1900. In 1929 Hugh U. 

 Clark and I found it common in the Greenbrier, New River, and 

 Kanawha Valleys, in southern West Virginia, where it did not occur 

 in Mr. Edwards's time. In the spring of 1929 it was not very com- 

 mon in the District, but Austin B. J. Clark found it abundant on 

 April 21 at Lexington, Rockbridge County, Va., and southwestward. 

 Here it was much more numerous than C. philodice, though northeast 

 of Lexington G. 'philodice was much more numerous than C. 

 euQn/theme. 



Summing up the evidence, we may say that before 1889 C. eury- 

 theine did not occur in the mountains or on the Atlantic watershed. 

 But during the next 10 years it filtered through the mountain 

 valleys and became common in North Carolina and southern Vir- 

 ginia. Sometime before 1895 stragglers began to reach the District, 

 apparently from the southwest. Here it remained as a rather rare 

 butterfly occurring only late in summer until 1926, when it increased 

 in numbers and, continuing to increase in subsequent years, it became 

 an abundant permanent resident in 1929. 



Additional notes. — On August 25, 1925, at Ipswich, Mass., we 

 captured three fresh males of this species and saw two other indi- 

 viduals, and on August 30, 1925, we met with another at Essex, Mass. 



