BUTTERFLIES OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 185 



border are larger than in the summer form and are usually con- 

 fluent, forming a rather broad yellow band with a gently scalloped 

 inner border, though they may be separated at the veins. 



As the season progresses the size gradually increases, and in June 

 the males are for the most part of full size with the fore wings up 

 to 55 mm. in length. In color these males are intermediate between 

 the early-spring and the summer males, though mostly rather close 

 to the latter. The body is much less hairy than in the early males, 

 and the hair on the frons is usually short, though occasionally 

 nearly as long as in some of the early males. 



Most of the early-spring males resemble very closely in color 

 males taken in the summer in the vicinity of Boston, but many show 

 an even closer approach to the northern P. g. canadensis. 



The earliest spring females available have the fore wings from 

 50 mm. to 55 mm. long. There is the same conspicuous tuft of long 

 hairs on the frons that characterizes the early males. The sub- 

 marginal crescents on the hind wings and submarginal spots on the 

 fore wings are much enlarged, especially below, and the dark outer 

 border on the hind wings (and the corresponding area in the black 

 females) is narrowed and more heavily suffused with light scales, 

 while its inner border is more or less straightened. If without 

 locality and date early-spring black females, by comparison with 

 the males, would certainly be considered as belonging to the form 

 found in eastern Massachusetts instead of to the local form. 



Late-spring females, like late-spring males, are intermediate be- 

 tween the early-spring and the corresponding summer forms, 

 becoming progressively nearer the latter. 



Summer males have the fore wings from 50 mm. to 60 mm. in 

 length, most of them having the fore wings about 55 mm. long or 

 slightly less. 



Summer females have the fore wings from 55 mm. to 69 mm. long, 

 the usual length of the fore wings being slightly less than 60 mm. 

 Specimens with the fore wings more than 65 mm. long are rare. 



Systematic status of the spring form. — If their origin were un- 

 known, many of the small very early spring males of local Papilio 

 glauGUs would unhesitatingly be referred to Papilio glaucus cana- 

 densis^ from which there is no way of distinguishing them. If we 

 are to follow the facts as they are brought out by the actual speci- 

 mens, the range and status of the form known as Papilio glaucus 

 canadensis would be as follows : Alaska and northern British Colum- 

 bia to Anticosti, Newfoundland, and New Brunswick, and as a pro- 

 gressively earlier spring form (followed later in spring by inter- 

 mediates and by P. g. glaucus) at length consisting of males only, 

 southward to the mountains of North Carolina. 



