310 BULLETIN 191, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Although not a regular migrant, the pinyon jay does considerable 

 wandering, particularly in fall and winter. At such times it has been 

 recorded north to northwestern Montana (Eureka, Fortine, and Colum- 

 bia Falls) ; east to eastern Nebraska (Neligh, Norfolk, Lincoln, Har- 

 vard, and Red Cloud), eastern Kansas (Lawrence, Baldwin, and 

 Wichita), central Oklahoma (Oklahoma City); and west nearly or 

 quite to the Pacific coast, as California (Los Angeles, Pacific Grove, 

 and Berkeley) and Oregon (Salem and Gaston). It has been recorded 

 in summer without evidence of breeding in south-central Washington 

 (Fort Simcoe) ; northwestern South Dakota (Short Pine Hills) ; and 

 northern Nebraska (Holly and Valentine). 



Casual records. — A specimen was reported at Eastend, Saskatchewan, 

 on September 16, 1910. 



Egg dates. — California: 9 records, April 9 to 21. 



Colorado: 13 records, March 23 to May 19. 



New Mexico: 34 records, February 16 to June 10; 18 rec.ords, March 

 15 to 28, indicating the height of the season. 



Oregon: 4 records, April 10 to 15. 



NUCIFRAGA COLUMBIANA (Wilson) 

 CLARK'S NUTCRACKER 



Plates 47-49 



HABITS 



Lewis's woodpecker and Clark's nutcracker were named for the two 

 famous explorers who made that historic trip to the sources of the 

 Missouri River, across the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia 

 River to the Pacific coast, as they were responsible for the discovery of 

 these two unique and interesting birds. Capt. William Clark, who was 

 the first one to mention the nutcracker, referred to it as "a new species 

 of woodpecker" ; and Wilson described it as a crow, Clark's crow, 

 Corvus colwinhianus. These impressions are not to be wondered at, for 

 its flight and some of its actions are much like those of woodpeckers, 

 and it resembles the crows in much of its behavior. John T. Zimmer 

 (1911) remarks: "It reminded me of nothing so much as a young 

 Red-headed Woodpecker in that its flight was markedly woodpeckerlike 

 and its grayish body and head and its black wings and tail with white 

 on secondaries gave it, at least superficially, a very close resemblance 

 to the bird mentioned." The first one I saw, while I was crossing the 

 Rocky Mountains in a train, reminded me very much of some large 

 woodpecker bounding across a valley. Its names, both scientific and 



