384 BULLETIN 191, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



New England, or not much farther south. Mr. Wright (1918) gives 

 another full account of the return flight in the spring of 1917; the latest 

 record seems to be of a bird seen at West Roxbury, Mass., on May 18. 



PARUS HUDSONICUS CASCADENSIS A. H. MiUer 

 CASCADE BROWN-HEADED CHICKADEE 



Dr. Alden H. Miller (1943b), who is responsible for the above names, 

 says that this race "differs from Parus hudsonicus columbiamis by 

 darker, much sootier pileum (near Chaetura Drab in fresh plumage 

 rather than Bister or Sepia) ; interscapular area somewhat darker and 

 gray of sides of neck darker and more extensive proximally in auriculai 

 area; chestnut of sides darker (Front's Brown rather than Cinnamon 

 Brown). Size much as in coliimbianus, although measurements of the 

 small sample available suggest somewhat greater average dimensions 

 for the Cascade population * * *. 



"The race cascadensis is even darker and duller on the pileum than is 

 P. h. littoralis of the eastern seaboard and it is larger and notably 

 longer-billed as are P. h. hudsonicus and P. h. colitmbianus. The con- 

 trast in coloration between cascadensis and columbianus is almost as 

 great as that between P. h. hudsonicus and Parus ductus alascensis, 

 which, although evidently closely related, breed side by side in the 

 Kowak Valley of Alaska. 



"Range. Cascadensis is known at present only from the northern 

 Cascade Mountains in the vicinity of Monument 83 on the United 

 States-Canadian boundary in northwestern Okanogan County, Wash- 

 ington." 



PARUS RUFESCENS RUFESCENS Townsend 

 CHESTNUT-BACKED CHICKADEE 



HABITS 



The visitor from tlie Eastern States is accustomed to seeing roving 

 bands of chickadees, kinglets, creepers, and other small birds trooping 

 through the winter woods and is not surprised when he finds just such 

 jolly companies of friendly little feathered mites foraging through the 

 dark coniferous forests of the humid Northwest coast. The kinglets 

 and the creepers are so much like their eastern representatives that he 

 does not recognize the difference, as he sees them in life; they are just 

 familiar friends, kinglets and creepers. But the chickadees are differ- 

 ent; they do not fit into memory's picture of our New England woods; 

 their caps are not so black as those of eastern birds, and the rich chest- 

 nut of their backs and sides is strikingly new. We get the thrill of a new 



