456 BULLETIN 191, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



1. The simple location-note uttered while the birds are feeding and 

 undisturbed, "tsit, tsit; tsit; tsit." 



2. "From one to five of the simple notes uttered somewhat more 

 loudly and followed by a rather shrill quavering note of longer duration," 

 uttered when traveling more rapidly and not feeding, "tsit, tsit, tsit. 

 sre-e-e-e; tsit, sre-e-e-e." 



3. The same as the last "but pronounced with much more volume 

 and emphasis," uttered by lone individuals when separated from the 

 flock, tsit, tsit, sre-e-e-e. 



4. Similar to the first note but greatly intensified, the alarm note, 

 uttered when the nest is disturbed or an enemy discovered, "tsit; tsit, 

 tsit; tsit." 



5. "A shrill quavering trill, of the same quality as described under 

 number 2 above, but without the preceding simple notes, and chanted 

 continuously in a monotone by all members of a flock for as long as two 

 minutes." This is the chorus, confusing note uttered in the presence 

 or approach of an avian enemy, sre-e-e-e-e-e, etc. 



Field marks. — There is no bird in California quite like the bushtit. It 

 is a tiny, brownish-gray bird with a long tail and with no prominent 

 recognition marks. The subspecies may be recognized by their colora- 

 tion, as explained under each. A loose flock of feathered mites drifting 

 through the tree tops or bushes could be safely recorded as bushtits 

 about as far off as they could be seen. 



Winter. — Bushtits are permanent residents throughout nearly all their 

 range. Their behavior in winter has been referred to above. 



DISTRIBUTION 



Range. — Western United States, southern British Columbia, Mexico, 

 and Guatemala ; nonmigratory. 



The range of the bushtit extends north to southwestern British 

 Columbia (Point Grey and Chilli wack) ; northeastern Oregon (Canyon 

 City Mountain) ; probably southwestern Wyoming (Green River) ; 

 and central Colorado (Colorado Springs). East to central Colorado 

 (Colorado Springs, Turkey Creek, Beulah, and Trinidad) ; western 

 Oklahoma (Kenton) ; eastern New Mexico (Santa Rosa and Carls- 

 bad) ; western Texas (Mount Ord and Castroville) ; Veracruz (Las 

 Vigas and Mirador) ; and Guatemala (San Mateo and Tecpam). 

 South to Guatemala (Tecpam and Huehuetenango) ; Chiapas (San 

 Cristobal) ; Oaxaca (Tehuantepec and La Parada) ; Michoacan 

 (Patzcuaro) ; Jalisco (Haciendo el Molino and La Laguna) ; Tepic 

 (Santa Teresa) ; and southern Baja California (Miraflores). West 

 to Baja California (Miraflores, Victoria Mountains, San Fernando, and 



