BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE 337 



Marsh) ; southeastern Mackenzie (probably Fort Simpson and Willow 

 River) ; northern Alberta (Smith Landing and Fort Chippewyan) ; 

 northern Saskatchewan (south end of Reindeer Lake) ; central Mani- 

 toba (Eckimamish River) ; probably northern Ontario (Fort Albany 

 and Moose Factory) ; southern Quebec (Godbout, Seven Islands, and 

 Natashkwan River) ; and Newfoundland (Nicholasville and St. John's). 

 The eastern limits of the range extend south along the Atlantic coast 

 from Newfoundland (St. John's) to Massachusetts (Nantucket) ; Lonf, 

 Island (Huntington) ; and northern New Jersey (Passaic) ; and in the 

 mountains to western Maryland (Bittinger) ; southern West Virginia 

 (Cranberry Glades); and western North Carolina (Mount Mitchell). 

 South to west-central North Carolina (Mount Mitchell) ; eastern Ten- 

 nessee (Mount LeConte) ; central Illinois (Philo and Rantoul) ; central 

 Missouri (Marshall and Warrensburg) ; Kansas (Neosho Falls and 

 Wichita) ; southern New Mexico (probably Capitan Mountain) ; Ari- 

 zona (San Francisco Mountain) ; and northern California (Callahan). 

 The western limits of the range extend northward in Pacific coastal 

 areas from northern California (Callahan) to Alaska (Kodiak Island, 

 Katmai, and near Holy Cross Mission). 



While there are records in winter north to the limits of breeding or 

 beyond, as Alaska (St. Michael) and central Quebec (Lake Mistassini) 

 there is sometimes a slight movement southward at this season. Winter 

 occurrences are south to southern North Carolina (Mount Pleasant) ; 

 southern Indiana (Bloomington and Carlisle) ; southern Kansas (In- 

 dependence and Harper) ; and on the Pacific coast to Eureka, Calif. 



Among more than 1,700 return records of chickadees banded in 

 Massachusetts, only two are for points outside of that State. One, 

 banded at Westfield on November 4, 1925, was found dead a short time 

 later (before December 31), at Stratford, Conn, The other, banded at 

 Amherst on October 7, 1932, was caught by a cat at Belvidere, N. J., 

 on December 24, 1932. The files of the Fish and Wildlife Service con- 

 tain the records of several thousand other banded chickadees, almost all 

 of which were recaptured at the points of banding. 



The range as outlined is for the entire species, of which seven sub- 

 species are currently recognized. The typical form (Parus atricapillus 

 atricapillns) is found in the Eastern United States, Canada, and New- 

 foundland, west to Missouri, Illinois, Minnesota, and western Ontario: 

 the long-tailed chickadee (Parus atricapillus septentrionalis) is found 

 chiefly in the Rocky Mountain region, breeding from the Kenai Penin- 

 sula of Alaska and central Mackenzie south to eastern Oregon and 

 northern New Mexico and ranging eastward to northern Manitoba, 

 western Minnesota, western Iowa, and eastern Kansas: the Oregon 



