BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 73 



remarkable and perfectly coordinated and an incontestable unity of 

 life in the entire colony. The cell or zooecium is only an inseparable 

 fragment of the entire organism. 



CUPULADRIA CANADENSIS Busk, 1879 



Plate 3, figs. 1, 2 



1921. Cupularia canariensis Waters, Observations upon the Relationship of the 

 Selenariidae, Conescharellidae, etc., fossil and recent, Linnean Society's 

 Journal, Zoology, vol. 34, p. 410. (Complete bibliography, geographic 

 and geologic distribution.) 



1921. Cupularia guineensis Marcus, Results of Swedish scientific expeditions to 

 Australia, Kungl, svenska Vetenskap-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 61, 

 p. 8. (Complete geographic distribution.) 



1923. Cupuladria canariensis Cantj and Bassler, North American Later Ter- 

 tiary and Quaternary Bryozoa, Bull. 125, U. S. National Museum, 

 p. 28, pi. 1, figs. 7-9. (Complete geologic distribution.) 



1925. Cupuladria canariensis Canu and Bassler, Bryozoaires du Maroc, 

 Mem. Soc. Sciences Nat. du Maroc. No. 10, p. 13. 

 Not Cupuladria guineensis Harmer 1926, Polyzoa Siboga Expedition, p. 266, 



pi. 16, figs. 5-7. 



Affinities. — Our specimens from California correspond to the good 

 figures published by the authors (Busk, Smitt, Norman, Waters, 



Explanation of Figure 12 



A-S. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. A. Colony, natural size. B. 

 Zooecia of the exterior surface with the proximal vibraculum. C.-D Aspect of 

 the ribs of the inner face showing the polygonal prisms of the zoarium traversed 

 by the superposed chambers. E. A radial lamella formed of adjacent prisms, 

 X25. (A-E. After Busk, 1859.) F. Exterior surface of the colony covered 

 by the ectocyst. F'. Zooecia with their ectocyst showing vibracula with their 

 seta and opercular valve (after Smitt, 1873). G. The membranous portion 

 of the frontal wall projects, with the opercular aperture at the end; X50. H. 

 Base of vibraculum, X85. (G, H. After Waters, 1889.) I. Central zooecia 

 with eight surrounding zooecia, X25. J. Under surface of same with large sand 

 grain, X15. K. Base of seta and front wall of the vibracular chamber, X150. 

 L. Operculum seen from inside together with the frontal membrane showing 

 trabeculae, X150. M. Stained transverse section showing the shallow central 

 zooecia (cz) which have grown upon some substance removed in decalcification, 

 and the large zooecia (h) as well as the vibracular chamber (v) shown near the 

 periphery of the zoarium. The lower part of the zoarium is formed by a series 

 of parallel chambers filled with granular contents and connected by septulae, X25. 

 N. Lower part of chambers with contents. A and B are connected by a septula, 

 wlirreas B and C are close together but not connected at this level. Transverse 

 wall (tw), lateral wall of the series (Iw), X200. O. Transverse section showing 

 contents of the chamber and the large cells, X250. P. Transverse calcareous 

 section showing chambers, X25. Q. Decalcified base of the zoarium witli 

 <les of one vibraculum, X25. R. Sketch showing connecting tubes to the 

 zooecia and to the vibracular chambers^ X85. S. Ovum in zooecial chambers, 

 with portion of remains of polypide, X25. (I-R. After Wab-rs, 1921.) 



Cupuladria canariensis is the single species of the genus having prisms with 

 superposed chambers. 



