BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 59 



The changing of two genera so well known, appears to us disastrous 

 and perfectly useless. Eucratea chelata occurs in the list of Lamouroux, 

 1816, the author of the genus and under the same name, Milne 

 Edwards, 1838, Smitt, 1867, Jolliet 1877, and Haddon, 1883 have 

 studied its anatomy. Barrois, 1877, published its larva and Hincks, 

 1880 made known its gonoecia and its zooecial variations. To change 

 this name would render these works unintelligible. The usage of a 

 century is certainly to be respected more than an arbitrary rule 

 whose object should be to clear up the nomenclature instead of dis- 

 turbing it. 



Genus SCRUPARIA Hincks, 1857 



The zooecia form a single series or are in pairs back to back. The 

 ovicelligerous cells are small (gonoecial) and placed back to back 

 with the ordinary cells. The branches given off from the back of a 

 cell are facing in the opposite direction. 



Genotype. — Scruparia clavata Hincks, 1857. Recent. 



Harmer, 1923, writes "Scruparia chelata should thus be regarded 

 as the genotype of Scruparia. Hincks' later proposal (1880, p. 21) 

 to make his own S. clavata the genotype is inadmissible, as this 

 species is not included in Oken's original list." If we adopt the 

 changes proposed by the English author it will result in an incredible 

 mixture. Gemellaria would be Eucratea, Eucratea would become 

 Scruparia, and it would be necessary to create two new genera for 

 the typical Gemellariidae (without ovicell) and Scruparia of Hincks 



Explanation of Figure 1 



A-G. Eucratea chelata Lamouroux, 1816. A. View in profile of free larva; 

 the terminal bud is much reduced, the aboral face greatly developed and the oral 

 face completely flattened. B. View of aboral face of larva showing the very 

 simple teminal bud and the stomach visible from the side. C. View of oral face of 

 larva showing the trilobate form of the stomach (after Barrois, 1877) ; c, coronna; 

 cd, digestive cavity; est, stomach; o. orifice of the larva; ph, pharynx; pi. 

 vibratile plume; sb, furrow of separation between aboral mass and expanded 

 face; vt, terminal bud. D. Anatomy of a zooecium viewed in profile (after Milne 

 Edwards, 1838); a, cellule; b, membraneous disk occupying the expanded part 

 of the cellule ( = ectocyst covering the opesium); c, opercular valve; d, tenta- 

 cular sheath; e, ciliated tentacles; /, stomach; g, intestine recurved upon itself; 

 /', anus; i, retractor muscles. E. View of frontal side showing anatomy of a 

 zooecium (after Smitt 1865); pv, parieto-vaginal muscles; R, large retractor 

 muscles of the polypide; /, filaments of mesenchymatous tissue. F. Origin of 

 the bud in Eucratea chelata, as a thickening of the endocyst below the mouth of 

 the zooecium, and possibly also from the funicular tissue. G. Young terminal 

 zooecium, showing the double nature of the lophophorc and the stomach, etc.; 

 also the intimate relation of the latter to the funiculus (F, G, after Haddon, 1883) ; 

 bb, brown body; bd, bud; cp, communication plate (septula); ec, ectocyst; 

 en, endocyst; /, funiculus; ft, funicular tissue ( = mesenchyme) ; int, intestine; 

 oe, esophagus; st, stomach; ts, tentacular sheath. H. Zooecia showing termi- 

 nology. 



