BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 187 



Burdigalian of Bordeaux (Duvergier) and Santo Domingo (Canu and 

 Bassler); Helvetian of Egypt (Canu); Miocene of Australia (Mac- 

 Gillivray, Waters). 



Plesioty pes. —Cat. No. 7875 U.S.N.M. 



Family BUGULIDAE Gray, 1848 



The larva is higher than wide. The ovicell is hyperstomial and 

 free. The zooecia are subrectangular with gymnocyst absent or very 

 small. The colonies are flexible, nonarticulated, radicelled. 



The genera of the Bugulidae are arranged in two groups as follows: 



I. Bugula Oken, 1815 (Bugulina Gray, 1848; Ornithopora D'Or- 

 bigny, 1852; AcamarcMs Lamouroux, 1816; Avicella Van Beneden, 

 1848; Avicularia Gray, 1846; Crisularia Gray, 1848; Omiihoporina 

 D'Orbigny, 1851); Watersia Levinsen, 1909; Dendrodeania Levinsen, 

 1909; Caulibugula Verrill, 1900 (Stirpariella Harmer, 1923, Stirparia 

 Goldstein, 1880); Bugularia Levinsen, 1909. 



II. Euoplozoum Harmer, 1923; Himantozoum Harmer, 1923; Camp- 

 toplites Harmer, 1923; Kinetoskias Danielsen, 1868 (Naresia W. 

 Thomson, 1872); HalopUla (Gray, 1843) Busk, 1852. 



The various methods of ramification of the branches in the Bugu- 

 lidae and Scrupocellariidae have been studied by Waters and by 

 Harmer. A digest of their results is as follows: 



TYPES OF RAMIFICATION 



(After the figures of Waters and of Harmer) 



I. Two normal zooecia separating at first and then each simul- 

 taneously emitting two zooecia. Each segment is therefore uni- 

 cellular at the base (Caulibugula). 



II. Two normal adjacent zooecia, each emitting simultaneously 

 and distally two zooecia of which the interior ones divide (Didymo- 

 zoum, now placed in Farciminariidae). 



III. A single normal zooecium gives rise to two distal converging 

 zooecia, the inner one of which emits proximally the inner zooecium 

 of the other branch (Bugula, Euoplozoum). 



IV. A normal zooecium emits two distal divergent zooecia, one of 

 which gives rise to the inner zooecium of the other branch (Kine- 

 toskias) . 



V. A complementary intercalated zooecium emits two divergent 

 separated zooecia serving as inner zooecia to two new branches 

 (Scrupocellariidae). 



VI. A complementary intercalated zooecium emits proximally a 

 single divergent zooecium which becomes the unicellular base of the 

 new segment (Monartron placed in Scrupocellariidae). In this type 

 of branch the zooecia also arise laterally without addition of the com- 

 plementary zooecium. 



