BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 191 



Fig. 59. — Family Bugulidae Gray, 1848 



(Explanatory remarks for fig. 59) 



A- J. Bugula sabalieri Calvet, 1900. A. Oozoid (ancestrula) and first blas- 

 tozoid seen from the left side. The endodermic elements, pha, incompletely 

 differentiated already from part of the mesenchymatous tissue. 



B. Bryozoid without avicularia, seen from the frontal face. 



C. Successive stages of formation of the spermatozoids. Four spermatozoids 

 united by a portion of disintegrating protoplasm in which their heads are still 

 buried. 



D. Parietal ovary and ovular cellules differentiated in the middle of the central 

 funicular cord. 



E. Parietal structure of a zooecium;,^, frontal face of zooecium; /d, dorsal face; 

 fl, lateral face; fs, superior face; fi, interior face; pc, communication pores (uni- 

 porous septulae); pic, communication plates (multiporous septulae); ov, ovicell; 

 vos, inferior vesicle; epi, spines. 



F. Vesicular leucocytes of a bryozoid in which the polypide has degenerated. 

 Some of the leucocytes, ph, are phagocytes the products of degeneration. 



G. Transverse section of the tentacular region of an adult polypide. 



H. Portion of a front-dorsal longitudinal section of an adult polypide. 



I. Structure of an avicularium; or, area; b, beak; cl, partition; ep, epidermis; 

 I, leucocytes; md, mandible; muab, abductor mandibular muscles; muad, ad- 

 ductor mandibular muscle; mue, extensor muscle of the avicularium; ?nuf, flexor 

 muscle of the avicularium; mup, parietal muscles; p. peduncle; pa, aborted 

 polypide = ciliated organ; rm, mesenchymatous network; s, cilia of the ciliated 

 organ. 



J. Basal face of mandible showing the insertion of the two abductor muscles 

 muab. (A-J. After Calvet, 1900.) 



K. Colony of Bugula plumosa Pallas, 1766, showing young zooecium from the 

 extremity of a long basal process, X12. 



L. A young zooecium of figure K with a young polypide, X85. (K, L. After 

 Waters, 1896.) 



