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BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



1848); Amastigia Busk, 1852 (Caberiella Levinsen, 1909); Jubella 

 Jullien, 1882; Notoplites Harmer, 1923; Tricellaria Fleming, 1828 

 (Ternicellaria D'Orbigny, 1851); Monartron, new genus; Bugulopsis 

 Verrill, 1880; Fldbellaris Waters 1898 (Craspedozoum MacGillivray, 

 1886); ? Hoplitella Levinsen, 1909; ? Rhabdozoum Hincks, 1882. 



II. Group with endozooecial ovicell. Menipea Lamouroux, 1816; 

 (Emma Gray, 1843); Maplestonia MacGillivray, 1884. 



The classification recognized is purely morphologic and is estab- 

 lished principally on the study of heterozooecia, organs of adaptation 



Fig. 69. — Genus Kinetoskias Koren-Danielsen, 1877 



A-F. Kinetoskias arborescens Koren-Danielsen, 1877. A, B. Zoaria, natural 

 size. C. Anterior face of zoarium. D. Posterior face, a, zooecia; b, opesium 

 closed by the ectocyst; c, spine; d, avicularium; e, opercular valve; /, uncalcified 

 interzooecial space. E. Front view of an avicularium, showing the mandible. 

 F. Side view of an avicularium. Each zooecium has a strong muscle, which at 

 its distal end is attached to the inner side of the external wall of the zooecium, 

 and at the other to a conical projection from the distal wall of the next lower 

 zooecium (after Koren-Danielsen, 1877). G. Diagram of bifurcation. (After 

 Harmer, 1923.) 



quite variable and inconstant even on the same colony. Each 

 author changes the genera according to his particular ideas. The 

 principal attempts at classification are those of Busk 1852, Smitt 

 1867, Hincks 1880, Levinsen 1909, Waters 1913, and Harmer 1923. 

 We have nearly followed the three latter authors without being able 

 however to place them in accord. With Waters we believe that 

 reasoning on other characters we could establish a different and also 

 valuable classification. 



