BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 



271 



1. The spiramen is not constant. In Galeopsis pupa Jullien, 1903, 

 the sporadic zooecia actively living, are deprived of it; in Galeopsis 

 mutabilis there are zooecia with spiramen which are sporadic and 

 almost all the others lack it. The spiramen is therefore a character 

 of adaptation to some local peculiarity remaining to be discovered 

 and we can imagine species of the genus without spiramen at all. 



2. Lepralia vestita Hincks, 1885 has an operculum absolutely 

 identical with that of Galeopsis pupa which implies quite similar 

 anatomical characters; but in that species the operculum closes the 



Fig. 110. — Genus Galeopsis Jullien, 1903 



A-D. Galeopsis pupa Jullien, 1903. A. Zooecia, X25. B, C. Opercula, X85. 

 D. Schematic view showing the general organization of a zooecium; av, avicu- 

 larium; c, cornpensatrix; /, frontal wall; gt, tentacular sheath; mr, retractor 

 muscles of polypide; opo, operculum; or, true orifice or aperture; p, polypide; 

 pe, peristome; pis, peristomice; sp, spiramen. 



E. Galeopsis mutabile, new species. Operculum, X85. (A-D. After Jullien, 

 1903.) 



ovicell in opening. This identity permits us to classify Lepralia 

 vestita in Galeopsis or a closely related genus. Moreover it confirms 

 our idea of 1922 that the spiramen is more in rapport with the larval 

 life than with the hydrostatic system, without it being itself necessary. 

 3. The genus Gephyrophora Busk, 1884 is almost identical with 

 Galeopsis. Not only are the exterior characters identical but the 

 spiramen is also inconstant and the genus contains also species with- 

 out spiramen. The sole difference is in the operculum; in Gephyro- 

 phora it has a schizoporid aspect and is without lateral bands. From 



