BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 469 



CHAPERIA JUDEX Kirkpatrick, 1888 



Plate 64, figs. 2-4 



18S8. Lepralia judex Kirkpatuick, Polyzoa of Mauritius, Annals and Maga- 

 zine of Natural History, ser. 6, vol. 1, pt. 8, fig. 4. 



Structure. — A beautiful figure of this species has been published. 

 Our photographs have not such a beautiful aspect, but they have the 

 advantage of conforming more to reality. Our specimens crept over 

 nullipores. The oral spines are long (0.30 mm.); they are articulated 

 at their base by a corneous joint, are quite large (0.08 mm.) and 

 number 15 (14-16 according to Waters, 1924). 



The form of the operculum is almost that of Anoteropora magni- 

 ca/pitata, but its structure is very different. It is a deep brown, 

 almost black, and surrounded by a clearer zone; it bears laterally two 

 large black bands for the insertion of the opercular occlusor muscles; 

 the latter are attached to two oral trabeculae (occlusor laminae of 

 Harmer) as Jullien has shown in 1888. 



Waters, 1924, has shown according to the nature of the ancestrula 

 that Chaperia judex Kirkpatrick, 1890, was a distinct species from 

 Chaperia acanthina. Our Philippine species is therefore more probably 

 C. judex. The bibliography given by Miss Jelly, 1889, and Marcus, 

 1921, must be revised. C. judex differs from C. acanthina in the 

 greater number of spines (15 instead of 8). 



Our opercula differ notably from those published in 1890 by Kirk- 

 patrick and in 1898 by Waters for Chaperia acanthina. 



Biology. — This species is beautiful only in appearance and when it 

 has been well cleaned. In reality it is quite squalid; it lives in the 

 slime and the purpose of its powerful armature of spines appears to 

 be for extrusion of the tentacles. 



It is a species of shallow water everywhere wherever it has been 

 dredged. Its geographic distribution is very large and our rare 

 specimens come from two localities, 450 kilometers apart. 



tentacles (0, contained in their tentacle sheath, lie in a groove of the compensatrix 

 (c. s.), which bulges out on each side of the tentacles. The operculum (op.) is 

 seen partly through the distal wall (d. iv.); p. d. parieto-diaphragmatic muscles; 

 occl. occulsor muscles of operculum; cond. condyle; p. v. m. parieto-vaginal muscles 

 and bands; div. divaricator muscle of operculum; p. in. parietal muscles; r. in. 

 retractor muscles of polypide. I. Thick longitudinal section, showing the frontal 

 epitheca (ep) and the basal epitheca {b. ep.) held at a distance from the calcareous 

 walls of the zooecia by the calcareous papillae (code, p.); lb, labium; ep. c. cavity 

 beneath epitheca. J. Basal view of a B zooecium (B) and several others; from 

 the edge of a frond. K. B-zooecium and a-zooecium, calcined. The zooecia 

 are in contact with their neighbors by small parts only of their walls, which are 

 perforated by communication pores (c. p.-septulae) . The remaining pores (p.) 

 are in relation with its cavity beneath the epitheca. L. Basal view of a part of 

 the marginal thickening of an old branch, z, zooecia; m free margin of branch; 

 I. c. longitudinal calcareous ridges; m. c. marginal cavity of frond. (H-L. After 

 Harmer, 1902.) M. A zoarium, natural size. (After Hincks, 1882.) 

 2182—29 31 



