354 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Variations. — The avicularium of the umbo is very constant but its 

 position is quite variable ; it is triangular, oblique with pivot, visible 

 or hidden. 



The large frontal avicularium is irregular and inconstant, some 

 fronds being without it. They appear more often in groups and 

 disappear without reason. They cover always the line of areolar 

 pores on one side of the zooecium. Their physiologic function appears 

 to be very different from that of the small avicularia placed on the 

 oral umbo. 



On the inferior face the zooecia are arranged in linear series. They 

 have in their longitudinal axis a kind of median suture which appears 

 still more clearly in transparency. The surface is covered with 

 small, scattered granules quite visible in black by transparency. 

 The structure and the aspect of the dorsal are identical with the 

 frontal; these two sides are of pleurocystal nature. This species is 

 very well characterized by its large frontal avicularia. 



Biology. — The specimens were living and ovicelled on November 

 6, 1904. The large avicularia are probably in harmony with the 

 zoarial life of the species. Its processes of adaptation to marine 

 conditions are very ingenious. 



The ovicell develops on the distal zooecium when a female polypide 

 replaces an ordinary polypide. 



Occurrence.— D. 4807. CapeTsiuka, Sea of Japan; 41° 36' 12" N.; 

 140° 36' E. 



Cotypes— Cut. No. 8136, U.S.N.M. 



Family TUBUCELLARIIDAE Busk, 1884 



For description and illustration of this family and its genera, see 

 1920 work of Canu and Bassler. 



Genus TUBUCELLARIA D'Orbigny, 1852 



TUBUCELLARIA CEREOIDES, Ellis and Solander, 1786 



1786. Cellaria cereoides Ellis and Solander, Natural History of Zoophytes, 

 p. 26, pi. 5, figs. B-E. 



1889. Tubucellaria opuntioides Jelly, Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa, 



p. 261 (not Vincularia fragilis De France and Michelin). 



1890. Tubucellaria cereoides Kirkpatrick, Report upon Hydrozoa and Polyzoa 



from China Sea, Annals and Magazine Natural History, ser. 6, vol. 5, 



p. 16. 

 1890 Tubucellaria cereoides Kirkpatrick, Hydrozoa and Polyzoa from Torres 



Strait, Proc. Royal Dublin Society (n. s.) vol. 6, p. 611. 

 1895. Tubucellaria cereoides and variety MacGillivray, Tertiary Polyzoa 



Victoria, Transactions Royal Society of Victoria, vol. 4, p. 105, pi. 4, 



fig. 1 (var. areolata). 

 1902. Tubucellaria opuntioides Calvet, Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette, 



Travaux Institut de Zoologie University Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 



No. 11, p. 28. 



