BRYOZOA OF THE PHILIPPINE REGION 557 



specimens are generally free but we have observed some fixed to 

 small stones or to fragments of shells. There are nine tentacles 

 according to Waters. 



Biology. — This is a very vigorous and common species with a geolog- 

 ical range which is remarkable since it appears in the Helvetian. 

 It would be interesting to learn the causes of this great vitality. 



Its bathymetric extension is also great since it has been dredged 

 from 10 to 388 meters. The greatest depths for the species have 

 been observed in the Philippines. It accommodates itself to tem- 

 peratures from 11° to 25° C. It does not pass the 40th parallel north 

 and south but it is widespread in the northern hemisphere. Harmer 

 has not discovered it to the south of the Philippines. It has not 

 yet been found in the China Sea. We have been fortunate enough 

 to discover it in the dredgings of the Albatross. 



How can this species cover the enormous distance which separates 

 Japan from California? Its larva, like that of all Lichenoporas, 



Fig. 223. — Lichenopora radiata Savigny-Audouin, 1826. 

 Meridian section, X25 



must be very mobile and swim about a long time before it fixes 

 itself. 



It does not surround any of the continents and its dispersion in all 

 the oceans is evidence of communications between the ancient 

 seas of geological times. 

 Occurrence. — 



D. 4807. Cape Tsiuka, Sea of Japan; 41° 36' 12" N.; 140° 



36' E. (common). 

 D. 5137. Jolo Light, Jolo; 6° 04' 25" N.; 120° 58' 30" E.; 



20 fathoms; S., Sh. 

 D. 5145. Jolo Light, Jolo; 6° 04' 30" N.; 120° 59' 30" E.; 23 



fathoms; co. S., Sh. 

 D. 5147. Sulade Islands, Sulu Archipelago; 5° 41' 40" N.J 



120° 47' 10" E.; 21 fathoms; co. S., Sh. 

 D. 5151. Sirun Island, Sulu Archipelago; 5° 24' 40" N.; 120° 



27' 15" E.; 24 fathoms; co. S., Sh. 

 D. 5162. Tinagta Island; 5° 10' N. ; 1 19° 47' 39" E. ; 230 fathoms; 



S. brk, Sh. crs.; 11.6° C. 

 D. 5217. Anima Sola Island, between Burias and Luzon; 13° 

 20' N.; 123° 14' 15" E.; 105 fathoms; crs. gy. S. 



