HYDROMEDUSAE, SIPHONOPHORES, AND CTENOPHORES. 353 



tylo ornata, Eupkysora bigelowt, and Bougainvillea fulva extend 

 to the neighborhood of Madagascar (Browne, 1916), Eutima levuka 

 and Phialucium, mbengha to the Eed Sea. And Bhopalonema vela- 

 twn, Aglaura hemistoma, and Liriope tetraphylla are known to be 

 as widespread in the surface waters of the tropical Indian Ocean as 

 they are in the Atlantic (Vanhoffen, 1902; Browne, 1916), or Pacific. 

 These facts suggest no break in the leptoline fauna of tropical 

 waters from the east coast of Africa to a longitude of about 130° 

 W., that is, including the most easterly of the Paumotos; but they 

 do show that the broad oceanic belt which separates the South Sea 

 Islands from America marks a decided division. 



2. Species from the Intermediate Depths. 



Only four members of the Philippine collection can be credited to 

 the intermediate fauna — Calycopsis geometrica, Calycopsis typa var. 

 simulans, Colobonema typicum, and Holier eas papillosum; but the 

 following have been taken in the Malaysian region by the Siboga: 

 Heterotiaro anonyma, Pantachogon rubrum, Rhopalonema funero- 

 rium, and Aeginura grimaldii. The only one of these not known to 

 be widely distributed over the Indo-Pacific is Calycopsis geometrica; 

 a species which may perhaps be peculiar to the Malaysian region, as 

 Ptychogena erythrogonon probably is to the intermediate water 

 layers off the west coast of tropical America. But as jet it is known 

 from only two records. Heterotiaro anonyma has recently been re- 

 corded from the Atlantic (Bigelow. 1918, p. 382), Calycopsis typa 

 var. simulans has a very close ally in the Atlantic (p. 289), and the 

 other species are all widely distributed throughout all three great 

 oceans. 



The data on the bathymetric occurrence are too scanty to be of much 

 value, except in the cases of Heterotiaro minor and Colobonem/i 

 typicum. The former was taken by the Valdivia in two intermediate 

 hauls; the present records show that it occurs on the surface. The 

 records of Colobonema are interesting, because so shallow; they 

 range from 350-0 to 231-0 fathoms. And the latter is particularly 

 valuable because it is from a trawl haul, and the condition of the 

 specimens is so good that we can hardly suppose that this instru- 

 ment brought them up through a long column of water. The Siboga 

 took Colobonema twice in comparatively shallow hauls (about 230 

 fathoms and 300 fathoms), and in the eastern Pacific it was taken 

 in seven hauls between 300 fathoms and the surface (1909a), while 

 Browne (1906) records it from between 250 fathoms and the surface. 

 On the other hand, the Valdivia took it in a closing-net between 

 810 and 485 fathoms. The other records of the Siboga and Valdivia 



