372 BULLETIN 100, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1. COMPARISON WITH OTHER FAUNAS. 



For the purpose of our faunal analysis there are three other 

 regions suitable for comparative study in this family; these com- 

 parable faunas are the Indian, the Japanese, and the Hawaiian. 

 As might be expected, these four faunas are more closely related 

 to each other than they are to the fauna of the eastern and northern 

 Pacific, or to that of the northern Atlantic, the other regions where 

 an extensive exploration of the continental shelf has been made. 



But few of the many species of Macrouroid fishes belonging to 

 the East Indian-Philippine fauna are known in other regions. 

 Careful comparison has led us to conclude that not one of these 

 species is known about the Hawaiian Islands. Four of the species 

 are identified by us with Indian forms, without actual comparison 

 of material in any case. These are : Bathygadus furvescens, Bathy- 

 gadus mult* 'fills (?), Ventrifossa petersonii (?), and Lionurus 

 pumiliceps. 1 Eight species are identified as also Japanese: Gado- 

 mus rrbultifilis, * C oelorhynchus parallelus, *Hy7nenocephalus s. 

 striatissimus, *Ventrifossa m/isakia, Lionurus proximus, *L. spino- 

 ms, Trachonurus villosus, and Cetonurus rolwstus; but those above 

 starred are known in the Philippines only from a few young speci- 

 mens taken in eastern Luzon, and the material was too inadequate, 

 except in the 'case of the Ilymenoceplialus, to make their identifica- 

 tion certain. 



Although so few of the species are identified with those of other 

 faunas, many are represented in the three other regions by very 

 closely allied or geminate species, as listed in the following tables 

 (from which all notably distinct species are excluded). 



1. Table indicating the geminate species occurring in the East Indian-Phil- 

 ippine region and about the Hawaiian Islands. 



East Indian-Philippine species. 



Hawaiian species. 



Bathygadus sponqiceps 2 . . . 



Gadomus multiflUs 3 



Hy menace phalus gracilis. . . . 

 Ilymenocephalus nascens. . 



Lionurus pumiliceps 4 



Mataeocephalus nigrescens ' 

 Trachonurus lillosus « 



B. bower si. 



G. melanopterus. 



H. tenuis. 



H. striatulus. 



L. gibber. 



M. acipenserinus. 



T. sentipellis. 



1 It is possible that Coelorhynchus parallelus and Malacocephalus lacvis, or allied forms 

 of these, should be Included. 



2 Very close also to B. cottoides from near New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. 



3 Occurs also in Japan and probably in the Indian Ocean. 

 ' Occurs also in the Indian Ocean. 



6 Very close also to M. tenuicavda of the Panama fauna. 

 6 Occurs also in Japan; close also to Atlantic species. 



