ASCIDIANS OF THE PHILIPPINES VAN NAME. 



95 



rectly upward, and the posterior end also more or less upward, the 

 dorsal border of the body being deeply concave and the ventral very 

 convex and very much longer than the dorsal. Atrial aperture on a 

 papilla on the concave part of the dorsal border, near or behind the 

 middle of the body. Both apertures 4-lobed. Attachment of the 

 body by a small area on the convex ventral surface ; this area being 

 produced a little, sometimes to an extent making it proper to call it 

 a thick short pedicel. Test thick, opaque, of the consistency of soft 

 leather, smooth but not shining externally, and rather dark colored 

 in the alcoholic specimens (some shade of brown or purple brown) ; 

 not pearly within. The external surface has generally a few deep 

 sharply defined but widely spaced furrows, mainly longitudinal in 

 direction, but connected here and there by short cross furrows. The 

 test contains branching vessels which end in rounded bulbs contain- 

 ing brown pigment. Many of them are large enough to appear as 

 small spots conspicuous to the naked eye in sections of the test. Size 



Figs. 47, 48. — Pandocia aurata (Quot and Gaimard). 47, Left and right sides of 

 body. One-half natural size. 48, Dorsal tubercle, x 5. 



of the largest specimen 90 mm. in greatest diameter and 25 mm. in 

 maximum thickness. 



Mantle thick, opaque, and adherent to the test, its muscles forming 

 fairly continuous sheets. It is dark colored (brown), as are also the 

 branchial sac and other internal organs. 



Tentacles few (about 18 or 20) nearly all large, small ones being 

 developed in few of the intervals. 



Dorsal tubercle large and flattened, more or less triangular in out- 

 line ; it has in place of a single orifice, a variable and often rather large 

 number of minute straight or curved slits or oval openings distrib- 

 uted over its surface. 



Dorsal lamina plain edged. 



Branchial sac with four well-developed folds on each side, sepa- 

 rated by wide intervals. The course of these folds is greatly curved, 

 owing to the above-mentioned curvature of the body axis. In most 

 parts of the sac the smaller transverse vessels are generally of fairly 

 uniform size ; at varying intervals larger ones occur, some being very 

 large and stout. Small vessels crossing the stigmata are not present 



