PHILIPPINE MACROUROID PISHES GILBERT AND HUBBS. 431 



fc 2 . Six to nine spinous carinae on scales ; snout " shaped 

 like a cluck's bill," its outlines strongly convex; 

 orbit, 1.5 in snout ; barbel, about 2 in orbit. 



anatirostris. 

 f. Orbit much smaller, 1.35 in postorbital length of head, 

 1.9 in snout ; 5 to 7 spinous carinae on scales ; com- 

 pared with C. productus, the snout is longer and 

 broader, and much more convex toward tip; barbel, 



3.5 in orbit weberi. 



f. Five and one-half to seven rows of scales in a series from 

 origin of second dorsal to, but excluding, the lateral line 

 series ; under side of head completely scaled ; distance from 

 center of anus to base of ventral longer than the orbit. 



1 1 . Sides of snout moderately convex; scales on top of head 



similar to those on body, with about 5 spinous carinae. 



commutaMUs. 



1 2 . Sides of snout nearly straight; scales on top of head with 



usually but a single median keel, being thus very dis- 

 similar to the scales of the body japonicus. 



b 1 . Snout more than twice as long as orbit. 



m\ Tip of snout without a long spine; spinous carinae on 

 scales of head radiating backward. 

 n 1 . Underside of head naked, excepting a small oval patch 

 below preopercular angle ; body marked with cross bars 



both above and below lateral line tokiensis. 



n 2 . Underside of head completely scaled. 



o\ Interdorsal space scarcely half as long as base of first 

 dorsal ; dark cross bars above, but not below, lateral 



line quadricristatus. 



o 2 . Interdorsal space much longer than base of first dor- 

 sal ; no dark markings macrorhynchus. 



in 2 . Tip of snout with an excessively long spine ; spinules on 

 scales of head arranged mostly in quincunx order. 



acutirostris. 1 



C 3 . Spinules on scales on a very strong median keel, with others in parallel 



rows ; anus always immediately before anal fin ; second dorsal spine 



shorter than postrostral length of head ; body without definite dark 



markings ; a natural group of species inhabiting the Atlantic, Indian, 



and western Pacific Oceans oxygadus. 



a 1 . Under surface of head completely scaled. 



& 1 . Orbit larger, more than half length of snout, its length decidedly 



greater than the interorbital width ; spinules on scales of head 



moderately rough, several in number on each scute along the 



ridges ; sides of snout nearly straight. 



&. Spinous ridges on scales, 3 to 5, usually 3 ; scales on top of 



head mostly with a single keel ; interdorsal space about equal 



to base of first dorsal parallelus. 



c\ Spinous ridges on scales, 5 to 7; scales on top of head with 



" stellate " ridges ; interdorsal space figured as about twice 



length of first dorsal base kermadecus. 



1 The systematic position of this species is questionable ; an additional subgenus per- 

 haps should be erected for it. 



119404—20- — 5 



