FROGS OF COLOMBIA — COCHRAN AND GOIN 111 



Bufo sternosignalus Gunther 



Plate 13d-e 



1858. Bufo sternosignalus Gunther (part*), p. 68, pi. 5, fig. c (type locality, 

 Puerto Cabello, Venezuela); 1901, p. 247.— Keferstein, 1867, p. 352; 

 1868, p. 294.— Boulenger, 1882a, p. 323.— F. Miiller, 1884, p. 279 — 

 Peracca, 1914, p. 108.— Werner, 1916, p. 302.— Beebe, 1919, p. 207 — 

 Nieden, 1923, p. 132.— A. Lutz, 1927, pp. 38, 42, pi. 8, figs. 3, 4 — 

 Kellogg, 1932, pp. 13, 68, 70— Mello-Leitao, 1937, p. 278.— Smith 

 and Taylor, 1948, p. 45— Gines, 1959, p. 118.— Rivero, 1961, p. 28; 

 1964b, p. 311.— Gallardo, 1962, p. 96. 



1947. Bufo typhonius sternosignatus. — Shreve, 1947a, p. 535. 



Description. — BM 68.9.15.1, a young male from Bogota, Cundi- 

 namarca, Colombia. High sharp, bony ridges on top of head. Parotoids 

 small. Tongue half as wide as mouth opening, oval, its posterior 

 border free and unnotched; snout with a narrow, vertical ridge down 

 the front, but truncate at tip when viewed from above, slightly 

 rounded in profile, the upper jaw extending considerably beyond the 

 lower. Nostrils dorsolateral, distinctly projecting, their distance from 

 end of snout one-half their distance from eye. Canthus rostralis 

 bordered by a sharp, curving ridge; loreal region concave, vertical, 

 merging with the upper lip. Eye large, prominent, its diameter equal 

 to its distance from tip of snout; interorbital diameter twice that of 

 upper eyelid and twice interval between nostrils. Tympanum distinct, 

 its greatest diameter one-half that of eye, separated from eye by a 

 very minute interval. Fingers moderately long, with lateral ridges, 

 free, first finger a little shorter than second, fourth longer than either, 

 its tip reaching to base of penultimate phalanx of third; a small but 

 prominent oval thumb pad present; a large, round palmar callus; 

 metacarpal tubercles well developed. Toes fairly long, one-half 

 webbed, third and fifth toes subequal, reaching to base of penultimate 

 phalanx of fourth toe; a small but prominent oval metatarsal tubercle 

 and a smaller round outer one; no tarsal ridge; a distinct skinfold on 

 heel and knee; soles granular. Body stout, in postaxillary region 

 equal to greatest width of head. When hind leg is adpressed, heel 

 reaches posterior corner of eye; when limbs are laid along the sides, 

 knee and elbow touch; when hind legs are bent at right angles to 

 body, heels touch. Skin of upper parts covered with small tubercles, 

 with a few larger ones intermingled with them; a line of pointed, 

 conical tubercles from end of postorbital crest over middle of parotoid 

 and along the side diagonally downwards to groin; a similar line of 

 pointed tubercles along outside of foot from heel to end of fifth toe; 

 venter finely granular, with a few larger granules in front of anus; a 

 bony postorbital ridge from posterior corner of eye to tympanum, 

 somewhat elevated above head surfaces; a short, rather indistinct 



'Two cotypos from Cordoba, Mexico, are now considered to be Bufo valliceps Wiegrnaun. 



