CATALOG OF THE AUTOMOBILE COLLECTION 53 



ing wheel and by a pedal or "accelerator." The engine speed and the 

 vehicle speed were controlled by a governor, which operated both by 

 motor speed and by car speed and could be set and locked for a pre- 

 determined maximum speed. 



Gas headlights with acetylene tank and an oil taillight are provided 

 for illumination. 



CADILLAC GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE, 1923 



U. S. N. M. No. 30S218 ; cross-sectioned, full-sized chassis ; gift of Cadillac Motor 

 Car Co. in 1923 ; photograph No. 5084 ; plate 16, 6. 



This Cadillac of 1923 was originally exhibited in the Museum in 

 contrast with the model-A Cadillac of 1903 to indicate the many 

 changes made in the automobile in a 20-year period. It is the model 

 61, which followed by eight years the first Cadillac with V-8 engine, 

 the model 51 of 1915. It illustrates the construction of a quality car 

 of its date. 



The V-shaped engine consists of two 4-cylinder blocks with de- 

 tachable cylinder heads placed at a 90° angle upon an aluminum 

 crankcase. The bore and stroke are 3% inches and 5% inches, re- 

 spectively, giving a total piston displacement of 314.4 cubic inches. 

 Sixty horsepower was developed at 2,700 revolutions per minute. 

 The 16 valves are mechanically operated by a single camshaft located 

 in the center of the engine above the crankshaft, which is supported in 

 three bearings. At the front of the engine a Morse timing chain 

 drives the camshaft and also the Delco distributor of the battery 

 ignition system. A pivoted weight, turning with the shaft of the 

 distributor, automatically advanced the ignition timing as higher 

 speeds were reached. The timing chain also turns a shaft, lying in 

 the "V" of the engine, to drive the Delco electric generator used for 

 charging the battery of the car. The generator is also the starter 

 motor. The starter pedal mechanically engages the starter gear 

 with a large ring gear on the flywheel at the rear of the engine, and 

 closes the starter switch. When the engine was running, the unit 

 acted as a generator. 



Engine lubrication was by both force feed and splash. The crank- 

 shaft is drilled for the passage of oil to the bearings from a gear 

 oil pump at the bottom front of the engine. The oil capacity of the 

 crankcase is 6 quarts. A removable aluminum oil pan is bolted to 

 the bottom of the crankcase for access to the lower interior of the 

 engine. 



A constant-level, float carburetor is connected to an intake mani- 

 fold, which branches off to both cylinder blocks. Gasoline from the 

 20-gaUon tank at the rear of the car was forced to the carburetor 



