CATALOG OF THE AUTOMOBILE COLLECTION 9 



DURYEA GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE, 1893-94 



U. S. N. M. No. 307199 ; original ; gift of Inglis M. Uppercu in 1920 ; photograph 

 No. 30590-A ; plate 5, a. 



This car, built by Charles E. and J. Frank Duryea at Springfield, 

 Mass., was operated on the streets there in September 1893 with a 

 friction drive, and in January 1894 with the present gear transmission. 

 It has a 1-cylinder, 4-cycle, 4-horsepower, water-cooled, gasoline 

 engine with make-and-break electric ignition. The engine is placed 

 almost horizontally beneath the carriage body, with its cylinder head 

 extending backward and above the rear axle. The engine, trans- 

 mission, and differential are mounted in a frame supported by the 

 dead rear axle and also at the center of the front axle. Power was 

 transmitted through bevel gears from the vertical crankshaft to a 

 main horizontal shaft and thence by spur gears to a parallel jack- 

 shaft, at each end of which was a small combination sprocket. The 

 differential is built into this jackshaft. Chains formerly connected 

 the jackshaft sprockets with large sprockets attached to the inside 

 of the wooden spokes of the carriage-type rear wheels. These wheels 

 are 441/^ inches in diameter and have iron tires. 



On the main shaft are three friction clutches, two for the two for- 

 ward speeds and one for the reverse. These clutches were operated 

 through cable connections by an up or down movement of the steering 

 tiller. The steering knuckles on the front wheels are of the C-type, 

 the pivot axis of each intercepting the plane of its wheel at the ground. 

 The front wheels are also of the wooden-spoked carriage type, with 

 iron tires 381/^ inches in diameter. 



The hand starting crank, projecting at the rear of the car, turned 

 the crankshaft by means of a pair of bevel gears which automatically 

 unmeshed when the engine started. A floatless, constant-level jet 

 carburetor received gasoline from a supply tank located above the car- 

 buretor and to the left of the engine. The supply was regulated by a 

 needle valve to flow at the rate required to produce the desired power 

 and speed. At slower engine speeds excess fuel overflowed into a tank 

 below the carburetor, from which it was returned to the main supply 

 tank by means of a hand pump. Ignition was obtained by a make-and- 

 break electric igniter actuated by a projection on the piston head. The 

 water tank is located to the right of the engine. 



HAYNES GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE, 1894 



U. S. N. M. No. 262135 ; original ; gift of Elwood Haynes in 1910 ; photograph No. 

 23701; plate 5, 6. 



This car, designed by Elwood Haynes, was constructed in the shop 

 of Elmer and Edgar Apperson at Kokomo, Ind., in the fall of 1893 



