46 BULLETIN 198, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



boards just in front of the seats. A siren, switch, and rheostat are 

 mounted below the level of the driver's seat, to the right, on the out- 

 side of the body. A bulb horn is attached to the right side of the body, 

 just forward of the driver's right foot, while the bulb is secured to the 

 right side of the driver's seat. 



Instruments on the dash include a Standard Foxboro air-pressure 

 gauge for the gasoline and oil tanks, Weston ammeter, Bosch ignition 

 switch, and a 100-m.p.h Warner auto meter (speedometer) driven 

 by gearing on the right front wheel. A primer is fitted to the intake 

 manifold to assist starting in cold weather. A handle on the steering 

 column is connected to the cable-controlled choke of the carburetor. 



This specimen was known as the 50-horsepower model, although the 

 developed horsepower was greater than 50. It is car No. 778 of the 

 Simplex series. 



FORD GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE, 1913 



U. S. N. M. No. 311052 ; original ; gift of Harvey Carlton Locke in 1935 ; photograph 

 No. 32194-B; plate 18, a. 



Probably the best known and most discussed automobile in the 

 world is the famous model-T Ford, of which over 15,000,000 were 

 built. The model first appeared late in 1908 and was made with only 

 minor changes for almost 20 years. The total production of all other 

 American makes of cars for this period was approximately the same 

 figure. This example, with engine No. 211098, was purchased new for 

 $600 in Rochester, N. Y., on April 4, 1913, by the father of the donor. 

 In the following 22 years the car was driven slightly less than 54,000 

 miles. 



The engine is a 4-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled, L-head unit of 

 3%-inch bore and 4-inch stroke, with a rated horsepower of 22.5. 

 Actually it developed 20 horsepower at 1,600 R. P. M. The block and 

 crankcase are made in one casting. The crankshaft is supported in 

 three bearings, as is the camshaft, which mechanically operates the 

 eight valves. A constant-level carburetor is provided. The water- 

 jacketed cylinder head is cast separately, an early use of this design. 



The cooling water was circulated by thermosyphon action, although 

 the first several thousand model-T cars built in 1908 had centrifugal 

 water pumps. A belt-driven fan is mounted behind the radiator at the 

 front of the car. 



The lower half, or oil pan, of the crankcase is formed of pressed steel 

 and extends back to enclose the bottom of the flywheel, the planetary 

 transmission, and the universal joint. Another pressed-steel piece, 

 bolted to the top of this extension, completes the enclosure. 



The magneto consists of permanent magnets, bolted to the forward 

 face of the flywheel in a circle close to its rim, and a series of flat 



